电化学介导的氨氮回收:原理、现状与展望  

Electrochemically mediated ammonium nitrogen recovery:Principle,progress,and perspective

作　　者：李依凡 张淏泉 周鹭 阳春[1] 孔繁鑫 韩乐[1] LI Yifan;ZHANG Haoquan;ZHOU Lu;YANG Chun;KONG Fanxin;HAN Le(School of Environment and Ecology,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045,P.R.China;School of Chemical Engineering and Environment,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学环境与生态学院,重庆400045 [2]中国石油大学化学工程与环境学院,北京102249

出　　处：《土木与环境工程学报（中英文）》2024年第6期203-212,共10页Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：重庆市留学人员回国创业创新支持计划(CX2021121);国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3203402)。

摘　　要：当前的氮循环模式存在人工固氮/脱氮过程重复耗能、可持续性不佳的问题。针对氨氮的污染-资源双重属性特征,污水中氨氮的资源化处理技术亟须研发。在各种氨氮回收技术中,电化学技术具有反应快速、装备简单、操作便捷等优势,已经成为热门研究方向。综述电化学介导氨氮回收技术的研究与发展现状:围绕电化学系统中不同形态氨氮的迁移转化机制,主要介绍3种回收技术的主要原理,包括电驱迁移与界面吸附、阴极还原促进汽化和阳极氧化促进沉淀;进一步聚焦电极与膜材料对氨氮回收性能的强化作用,分析电容去离子与膜技术(基于阳离子交换膜、疏水透气膜、双级膜的工艺)的能效水平,指出多过程耦合的氨氮汽提技术在降低能耗与提升效率方面的良好前景;展望双碳背景下技术革新的内在需求,建议未来从系统高性能元件开发、能量削减与功能拓展/智慧化运行等方向推进电化学介导氨氮回收技术的高质量可持续发展。Under the background of promoting environmental function quality and carbon peak and carbon neutrality,the hidden problems of repeated consumption and low sustainability in artificial nitrogen fixation/nitrogen removal process come to prominence.Synthesizing the necessity and resource availability of ammonium-nitrogen in wastewater,research and development of ammonium-nitrogen resource recovery technology is receiving more and more attention in wastewater treatment.Among the existing techniques,electrochemical technology has become a hot research direction due to its advantages such as fast reaction,simple equipment,and convenient operation.In this paper,an overview of the research and development status of electrochemical-mediated ammonium recovery technology in recent years was reviewed.Focusing on the migration and conversion mechanism of different forms of ammonium-nitrogen in the electrochemical system,three main principles of recovery technology were introduced including electrochemical-driven migration and adsorption,cathode reaction-driven volatilization and anode reaction-driven precipitation.The enhancement effect of electrodes and membrane materials on the ammonium recovery performance was then highlighted and the energy efficiency of related processes including capacitive deionization and membrane-based processes(via cation-exchange membrane,gas-permeable membrane and bipolar membrane)was analyzed,leading to the conclusion that an integrated process toward ammonia recovery exhibits merits of low energy input and high removal/recovery efficiency.Finally,the inherent demand for technological innovation in a low-carbon background was discussed,the future efforts would hopefully be directed toward the development of high-performance system components,energy reduction,and functional expansion/smart operation to promote the high-quality and sustainable development of electrochemical-mediated ammonium recovery technology.

关 键 词：电化学 氨氮回收 污水资源化 膜 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]