阿勒泰林区草地群落中不同植物种在物种多样性中作用大小的探究  

Roles of Different Plants in the Grassland Community in Altay Forest Region in Species Diversity

作　　者：李苗苗 叶茂[1,2] 曾国燕 陈维龙 张西 LI Miaomiao;YE Mao;ZENG Guoyan;CHEN Weilong;ZHANG Xi(College of Geography and Tourism,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi 830054,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Lake Environment and Resources in Arid Region,Urumqi 830054,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830054 [2]新疆干旱区湖泊环境与资源重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830054

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2024年第6期113-119,134,共8页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42161004);NSFC-新疆联合基金项目(U1803245)。

摘　　要：为探明各植物种在群落整体物种多样性中的作用,以阿勒泰林区草地群落为研究对象,采用“二值出现次数”野外调查方法,获得样方中各个植物种的出现次数和个体数量,从而计算出群落整体的物种多样性指数,以及构成群落的各个植物种不存在时的物种多样性指数,并利用这2个多样性指数的差值,来探讨群落中各个植物种对物种多样性的影响。结果表明:1)4个草地样地中,对物种多样性作用最大的植物种并非是其群落中的第一优势种,而是优势地位处于第2~6位的植物种;2)组成这4个样地群落的所有植物种都对群落的多样性起到增大的作用;3)物种在群落多样性中的作用,从总体上来看,呈现一种单峰的变化趋势,也就是随着物种优势地位的降低,对数式增加达到最大值,然后指数或线性下降,最终趋近于0。综合显示,不同草地群落中,对群落物种多样性作用最大的不是处于第一的优势种,虽然其占据了绝对优势地位,却降低了该群落的物种多样性。In order to explore the role of each plant species in the overall species diversity of the community,the grassland communities occurring in Altay forest area were taken as the research objects,and the occurrence times and individual numbers of each plant species in the quadrat were obtained by using the field investigation method of“binary occurrence times”,so as to calculate the species diversity index of the whole community,the species diversity index in the absence of each plant species in the community,and the difference between the two indices to explore the effects of each plant species on species diversity.The results showed that 1)in the four grassland plots,the plant species with the greatest effect on species diversity was not the first dominant species in the community,but the 2nd to 6th plant species.2)All plant species comprising the communities of these four sample plots contributed to the increase in community diversity.3)As a whole,the role of species in community diversity presented a unimodal trend,i.e.,with the decrease of species dominance,the logarithmic increase reached the maximum value,and then exponentially or linearly declined,eventually approached to 0.It is concluded that the dominant species is not the first species that has the greatest effect on the community species diversity in different grassland communities,but occupies an absolute dominant position and reduces the community species diversity.

关 键 词：草地群落 优势种 植物种 伴生种 物种多样性指数 

分 类 号：Q948.15[生物学—植物学]