贵州省国土空间格局演变特征及其生态环境效应  

Characteristics of the Evolution of Land Spatial Pattern and Its Ecological and Environmental Effects in Guizhou Province

作　　者：吴承敏 任海利 WU Chengmin;REN Haili(School of Public Administration,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学公共管理学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2024年第6期163-176,共14页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：贵州大学人文社科研究一般项目(GDYB2022023)。

摘　　要：基于贵州省1980、1990、2000、2010年及2020年5期土地利用现状遥感监测数据,运用集“空间-过程-属性”一体的地学信息图谱法,从水平、垂直及景观特征多视角及时序与空间双重维度揭示贵州省国土空间格局演变特征,并通过NDVI数据对其生态环境质量指数进行修正,探究其生态环境质量时空演变及改善或恶化情况,结果表明:1)40 a间,国土空间演变以稳定型、后期变化型为主,分别占55.3%、43.74%,不同空间类型具有明显的水平区域差异,并在西南、西北及中部等区域演变更为剧烈;2)垂直演变剧烈且具有明显的垂直阈值特征,特别是近10 a生产、生活空间在坡度、海拔较低区域(<15°、<1500 m)呈扩张趋势,而在坡度、海拔较高区域(>25°、>2000 m)呈萎缩趋势,生态空间与之相反,“山上山下”统筹布局更趋合理;3)景观异质性明显,特别是近10 a林地生态空间的干扰度及破碎度下降,而其余类空间干扰度、聚集度上升;4)40 a间整体生态环境质量呈双“V”形变化趋势,总体由东向西呈增长态势,而近10 a导致生态环境质量恶化的国土空间转化类型趋向多元,但生态环境质量改善最明显。研究结果可为贵州省未来合理规划国土空间、保护生态环境提供科学依据,也为其他地区提供一定借鉴。Based on five periods of remote sensing monitoring data of land use status quo in Guizhou Province in 1980,1990,2000,2010 and 2020,the geographic information mapping method integrating“spaceprocess-attribute”was applied to reveal the evolution characteristics of the land spatial pattern from the multiple perspectives of horizontal,vertical,and landscape characteristics,and from the dual dimensions of temporal and spatial order.The results showed that 1)over the 40-year period,the spatial evolution of the land predominantly characterized by stable and late-period change types,accounting for 55.3%and 43.74%,respectively.Spatial types exhibited discernible horizontal and regional disparities,with intensified evolution observed notably in the southwestern,northwestern,and central regions.2)Vertical evolution was remarkable,displaying distinct vertical threshold characteristics,particularly evident in the past decade.Expansion of production and living space was observed in slope and lower elevation areas(<15°,<1500 m),while contraction occurred in slope and higher elevation areas(>25°,>2000 m).Conversely,ecological space exhibited an inverse trend,indicating a more balanced“hills and mountains”integrated layout.3)Landscape heterogeneity was pronounced,particularly within the last decade.The degree of interference and fragmentation in woodland ecological spaces had diminished,while interference and aggregation in other spaces had increased.4)Over the 40-year period,the overall ecological quality of the environment had demonstrated a double“V”-shaped trend of change,with a general trend of improvement from east to west.In the last decade,this trend had persisted,with the most significant improvement observed in ecological environment quality.Moreover,the types of land space transformations leading to deterioration in ecological environment quality had become more diversified,indicating a need for comprehensive management strategies.These findings aim to provide a scientific basis for the rational planning

关 键 词：国土空间 生态环境效应 地学信息图谱法 贵州省 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济]