基于MAUP的城市公园绿地公平性多尺度评价——以北京市主城区为例  

Multi-scale Evaluation of Urban Green Space Fairness Based on the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem-A Case Study of Beijing Main Urban Area

作　　者：王欣珂 施智勇 戴洪霞 谢慧黎 刘兴诏 WANG Xinke;SHI Zhiyong;DAI Hongxia;XIE Huili;LIU Xingzhao(College of Landscape Architecture and Art,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350100,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学风景园林与艺术学院,福建福州350100

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2024年第6期238-246,264,共10页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：福建省科技创新项目(KY-090000-04-2021-012);国家自然科学基金(31800401)。

摘　　要：为探析城市公园绿地供给公平性在可塑性面积问题(MAUP)下的尺度效应,以北京市主城区为例,基于多源数据改进公园绿地供给模型,划分格网(0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 km)和街道2类不同尺度类型5级评价单元,运用基尼系数和供需匹配方法探究城市公园绿地供给多尺度空间分异特征及公平性差异。结果表明:1)5种尺度下,研究区内的公园绿地供给均存在明显的空间异质性,由城市中部至外侧公园绿地总供给逐渐减少,且呈现评价单元尺度类间差异性大,类内差异性小的特征。2)地均绿地供给公平性随着评价单元的增大呈现先减弱后增强的趋势,在1.5 km评价单元下表现为强烈不公平;人均绿地供给公平性随着评价单元的增大逐渐增强。3)相比其他城区,海淀区内的城市公园绿地供给与居民需求的空间失配情况更显著,尤其是在街道尺度下。综上,评价单元划分的不同会影响评价结果,未来应结合具体研究需求开展多尺度评价,为城市公园绿地公平性科学量化提供可能。In order to analyze the scale effect of the fairness of urban park green space supply under the modifiable area problem(MAUP),the main urban area of Beijing was taken as an example,the park green space supply model was improved based on multi-source data.The evaluation units were divided into 5 levels of grid(0.5,1,1.5,and 2.0 km)and sub-district scales.The Gini coefficient and supply-demand matching methods were applied to explore the multi-scale spatial differentiation characteristics of urban park green space supply and fairness differences.The results showed that 1)there was obvious spatial heterogeneity in the supply of park green space in the study area under the five scales,and the total supply of park green space gradually decreased from the middle to the outer part of the city,and it was characterized by a large difference between the scales of the evaluation units and a small difference within the scales of the evaluation units.2)The fairness of green space supply per capita was weakened and then strengthened with the increase of the evaluation unit,and it was strongly unfair under the evaluation unit of 1.5 km;the fairness of green space supply per capita was gradually strengthened with the increase of the evaluation unit.3)Compared with other urban areas,the spatial mismatch between the supply of urban park green space and the demand of residents was more significant in Haidian District,especially at sub-district scale.In summary,different evaluation units affect the evaluation results,and multi-scale evaluation with specific research needs become a prerequisite for scientific quantification of urban park green space equity in the future.

关 键 词：公园绿地供给模型 可塑性面积单元问题 绿地公平性 基尼系数 供需匹配 

分 类 号：TU986.52[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]