甘肃插岗梁自然保护区不同海拔主要林分土壤与枯落物水文特性研究  

Hydrological Characteristics of the Soil and Litter in the Main Stands at Different Elevations in Chagangliang Nature Reserve,Gansu Province

作　　者：王飞 白青蒙 王若鉴 杨永红 李玉 王永元 要静 刘锦乾 王健 张力文 WANG Fei;BAI Qingmeng;WANG Ruojian;YANG Yonghong;LI Yu;WANG Yongyuan;YAO Jing;LIU Jinqian;WANG Jian;ZHANG Liwen(Gansu Bailongjiang Forestry Science Institute,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Gansu Bailongjiang National Forest Ecosystem Research Station,Zhouqu 746300,Gansu,China;Chagangliang Nature Reserve Management and Protection Center,Wudu 746000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省白龙江林业科学研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃白龙江森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,甘肃舟曲746300 [3]插岗梁自然保护区管护中心,甘肃武都746000

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2024年第6期265-272,共8页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(23YFFA0023);2024年省级财政林业草原科技创新项目(KJCX202401);甘肃省林业科技计划项目(2016kj063)。

摘　　要：以甘肃插岗梁自然保护区不同海拔区域主要林分为研究对象,探究林分土壤和枯落物的水文特性,为营造合理的水土保持林提供理论依据与科学参考。将1800~2300、2300~2800、2800~3500 m划分为低、中、高海拔区域,通过实地调查与采样,运用环刀法和室内浸泡法,对比分析不同海拔区域林分枯落物层储量、持水过程、持水能力,以及土壤层持水能力和入渗过程。结果表明:1)土壤密度在0.61~0.93 g/cm^(3),表层(0~10 cm)土壤密度在0.61~0.84 g/cm^(3),次表层(10~20 cm)土壤密度在0.63~0.93 g/cm^(3);中海拔表层土壤密度略大于低海拔表层土壤密度,低海拔和高海拔次表层土壤密度小于表层,中海拔表层土壤密度小于次表层。最大储水量在499.84~1331.02 t/hm^(2),土壤最大储水量都是高海拔区域最大,其次是低海拔区域,中海拔区域最小;土壤非毛管孔隙度在4.11%~9.53%,中海拔区域表层土壤非毛管孔隙度最小为4.11%,低海拔区域表层土壤非毛管孔隙度最大为6.17%;高海拔区域土壤最大储水量、毛管持水量、最小储水量和总孔隙度均最大;海拔与土壤密度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与土壤最大储水量和总孔隙度呈极显著负相关(P<0.05)。2)不同海拔区域枯落物累积量在27.58~102.32 t/hm^(2),其中高海拔区域枯落物累积量最大,其次为低海拔区域,人工林中海拔区域最小,枯落物最大拦蓄量、有效拦蓄量都是高海拔区域最大,低海拔区域次之,中海拔区域最小,其相互之间及与累积量都呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。3)将枯落物持水量和吸水速率分别与浸水时间进行拟合,其关系分别满足对数和指数函数关系,拟合效果较好。高海拔区域土壤和枯落物持水性能最强,低海拔区域次之,中海拔人工林最小。研究区在未来森林经营或水土保持林造林过程中,应适当提高混交林的种植比例,以增加枯落物水文效益,使土壤更加通气透水,从而In order to provide theoretical basis and scientific references for the establishment of rational soil and water conservation forests,the main forest stands at different elevations in Chagangliang Nature Reserve in Gansu Province were taken as the research objects to explore the hydrological characteristics of the soil and litter.We divided the altitude range of 1800-2300 into low altitude areas,2300-2800 into medium altitude areas,and 2800-3500 into high altitude areas.Through field investigation and sample collection,using ring knife method and indoor soaking method,the storage,water holding process and water holding capacity of each stand litter layer,as well as the water holding capacity and infiltration process of soil layer were compared and analyzed.The results showed that 1)the range of the soil density(SD)was between 0.61 and 0.93 g/cm^(3)in the study area,in which the SD in the surface layer(0-10 cm)was 0.61-0.84 g/cm^(3),and 0.63-0.93 g/cm^(3)in the sub-surface layer(10-20 cm).The SD of the surface layer in middle altitude region was slightly higher than that in lower altitude region.In low and high altitude regions,the SD of the sub-surface layer was lower than that of the surface layer.In the middle altitude region,the SD of the surface layer was lower than that of sub-surface layer.The maximum water holding capacity ranged from 499.84 to 1331.02 t/hm^(2),and the maximum water holding capacity was the highest in the high altitude region,followed by the low altitude region,and the minimum in the middle altitude region.The soil non-capillary porosity ranged from 4.11%to 9.53%.The minimum non-capillary porosity of the surface layer was 4.11%in the middle altitude region,and the maximum non-capillary porosity was 6.17%in the lower altitude region.The maximum water holding capacity,capillary water holding capacity,minimum water holding capacity and total porosity of soil at high altitude were the highest.Significantly positive correlation was found between altitude and soil density(P<0.01),and significant

关 键 词：森林土壤 森林水文 枯落物 插岗梁自然保护区 

分 类 号：S718.51[农业科学—林学]