法治强化与行政边界污染治理:来自环保法庭设立的证据  

Environmental Judicature and Border Pollution:Evidencefrom the Establishment of Environmental Courts

作　　者：王贤彬[1] 陈博潮 张艺川 Wang Xianbin;Chen Bochao;Zhang Yichuan

机构地区：[1]暨南大学经济学院 [2]暨南大学中观经济学研究中心 [3]中山大学政治与公共事务管理学院

出　　处：《世界经济》2024年第11期64-91,共28页The Journal of World Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(72273052);广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2022A1515012025)的资助。

摘　　要：行政边界污染是中国面临的重大环境问题,本文使用环保法庭设立这一准自然实验考察法治建设如何破解行政边界污染难题。运用三重差分法分析发现,市级环保法庭的设立显著降低了区县级行政边界附近的污染,表现为市级环保法庭设立后,区县边界企业的废水排放量和排放强度显著下降。机制在于,环保法庭的跨区域集中管辖模式使得区县政府的地方保护主义下降,边界地区环境司法规制和环保行政处罚力度加强,进而高污染企业进入减少、退出增加。拓展性分析表明,环保法庭减少边界污染的效应在高污染行业和跨流域治理难度大的地区更强。本研究为加强环境司法制度建设提供了理论支撑,也为实现跨区域环境治理提供了新思路。Environmental pollution at administrative borders is one of the main problems in China.This paper explores the potential of"environmental protection courts"in addressing pollution at the country's administrative borders.Through the implementation of a triple difference method,it discovers that municipal-level environmental protection courts have a significant impact on reducing pollution at county-level administrative borders.There is a noticeable decrease in wastewater discharge volume and intensity by enterprises located at the county borders following the establishment of these courts.Their effectiveness stems from their hierarchical jurisdiction and designated jurisdiction model,both of which minimize existing local protectionism among county governments and improve judicial regulation in border areas.This makes it difficult for highly polluting enterprises to enter and indeed encourages their exit.The paper also reveals that environmental protection courts are particularly effective in industries with a high level of pollution and regions where cross-basin governance faces greater challenges.These findings provide theoretical support and an empirical basis with which to strengthen environmental protection judicial systems,and offer valuable information supporting the achievement of cross-regional environmental governance.

关 键 词：法治建设 行政边界污染 环保法庭 地方保护主义 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] D926.2[政治法律—法学]