太平洋战争爆发之初中英美关系中的缅甸防务问题  

On the Issue of Burma’s Defense in the Sino-Britain-US Relations after the Outbreak of the Pacific War

作　　者：张智丹 ZHANG Zhidan(Editorial Department of Journal,Changchun Normal University,Changchun 130032,China)

机构地区：[1]长春师范大学学报编辑部,吉林长春130032

出　　处：《长春师范大学学报》2024年第11期70-77,共8页Journal of Changchun Normal University

摘　　要：太平洋战争爆发之初,国民政府准备以两个军的兵力协助英国防卫缅甸,以保障中国西南国际交通安全、争取中国与英国形成平等合作关系并促进英国与美国更加重视亚洲战场。英国对中方派遣大规模兵力协防缅甸的计划持消极态度,更希望中方在国内战场发起大范围、牵制性的袭扰活动,同意中国空军美国志愿队留在缅甸助战,并允许英方使用部分存于缅甸的美国援华租借物资。国民政府在空军和物资的调配问题上同英方达成妥协,希望在推进中英军事合作的同时,获得美方对中方更多的尊重和支持。美国虽有意弥合中英分歧、提升中英美合作效能,但终究将主要的精力置于欧洲战场,未能起到国民政府期待其在亚洲战场发挥的领导作用。英国在缅甸军事局势日益严峻的情况下对中方派兵协防缅甸的态度转向积极,但已难以消解中英间的隔阂和缅甸防务受到的不良影响。After the outbreak of the Pacific War,the Nationalist government was prepared to send two army divisions to assist Britain in defending Burma in order to ensure the safety of China’s southwestern international transportation,seek an equal cooperative relationship with Britain,and urge Britain and the US to put more emphasis on the Asian battlefield.Britain held a negative attitude towards China’s plan to send a large number of troops to assist in defending Burma and hoped that the Chinese would launch large-scale and diversionary harassment activities on the domestic front,agree to allow the American Volunteer Group to remain in Burma to assist in the battle,and allow the Britain to use part of the materials leased to China by the US in Burma.The Nationalist government reached a compromise with Britain on the deployment of air forces and materials,hoping to promote the military cooperation between China and Britain,and gain more respect and support from the US.The US was willing to bridge the gap between China and Britain,and enhance the effectiveness of China-Britain-US cooperation,but ultimately devoted most of its energy to the European battlefield and could not play the leadership role in the Asian battlefield that the Nationalist government had expected.As the military situation in Burma became increasingly grim,Britain’s attitude towards China’s sending troops to assist in the defense of Burma became more positive,but it was too late to resolve the estrangement between China and Britain and the negative effect on Burma’s defense.

关 键 词：太平洋战争 缅甸 蒋介石 中英美关系 

分 类 号：K265[历史地理—历史学]