缓解劳动力市场势力的制度安排:最低工资的视角  

Institutional Arrangements to Alleviate Labor Market Power: A Perspective on Minimum Wage

作　　者：李辉[1] 邹先强 李瑶[3] 尹恒 Li Hui;Zou Xianqiang;Li Amber Yao;Yin Heng(Economics and Management School,Wuhan University;School of Labor and Human Resources,Renmin University of China;School of Business and Management,Hong Kong University of Science and Technology;National Academy of Development and Strategy,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院 [2]中国人民大学劳动人事学院 [3]香港科技大学工商管理学院,中国 [4]中国人民大学国家发展与战略研究院

出　　处：《管理世界》2024年第11期104-118,共15页Journal of Management World

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(基金号:72173131);国家自然科学基金青年项目(基金号:72303228)的资助。

摘　　要：缓解劳动力市场势力,是改善劳资收入分配、实现共同富裕目标的关键所在。本文借助2007~2016年全国税收调查数据,直接在微观层面估计了企业的劳动力市场势力,结果显示中国制造业劳动折价率均值为1.677,意味着工人只能得到其边际产出的59.6%。随着时间演进,样本期内劳动折价率迅速下降,劳资收入分配状况明显改善。基于上述估计结果,本文考察了最低工资制度的影响。研究发现:第一,最低工资显著弱化了企业的劳动力市场势力。根据最为保守估计结果,最低工资上涨10%,劳动折价率平均下降0.48%。据此推算,最低工资的提高能够解释样本期内劳动折价率变化的12.05%。第二,在不同竞争程度的劳动力市场中,最低工资的就业效应存在显著差异。第三,最低工资还会降低地区—行业内劳动折价率的离散程度,改善资源配置效率。本文研究深化了对于劳资收入分配和最低工资制度的理解,为新时期推进要素市场化改革提供了有益启示。Alleviating labor market power is crucial for improving labor-capital income distribution and achieving the goal of common prosperity. This paper uses National Tax Survey data from 2007 to 2016 to directly estimate firms' labor market power at the micro level.The results show that the average markdown in China's manufacturing is 1.677, meaning workers receive only 59.6% of their marginal product. Over time, the markdown has rapidly declined within the sample period, and the labor-capital income distribution has significantly improved. Based on these estimates, this paper examines the impact of the minimum wage system. The research findings are as follows. First,the minimum wage significantly weakens firms' labor market power. According to the most conservative estimates, a 10% increase in the minimum wage results in an average decrease of 0.48% in the markdown. It is estimated that the increase in the minimum wage can explain 12.05% of the change in the markdown during the sample period. Second, the employment effects of the minimum wage vary significantly in labor markets with different levels of competition. Third, the minimum wage will also reduce the dispersion of firm's markdown in the "region-industry" and improve the efficiency of resource allocation. This study deepens the understanding of labor-capital income distribution and the minimum wage system, providing valuable insights for advancing factor market reforms in the new era.

关 键 词：劳动力市场势力 劳动折价率 最低工资 资源配置 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济]