2017—2022年无锡市滨湖区水痘流行病学特征分析  

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of varicella,Binhu District, Wuxi City, 2017-2022

作　　者：张猛 丁薇薇 张雨晴 ZHANG Meng;DING Weiwei;ZHANG Yuqing(Binhu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Binhu214062,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]无锡市滨湖区疾病预防控制中心,江苏无锡214062

出　　处：《中国校医》2024年第8期603-605,634,共4页Chinese Journal of School Doctor

摘　　要：目的 了解无锡市滨湖区水痘的发病情况和流行病学特征,为调整水痘疫情防控策略、指导水痘疫苗接种工作提供科学依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法,对2017—2022年无锡市滨湖区水痘病例及水痘疫苗免疫史资料进行分析。结果 2017—2022年无锡市滨湖区水痘共报告4 581例,年均报告发病率为143.46/10万,总体发病呈下降趋势;发病高峰为11月—翌年1月和5—7月;发病率居前4位的地区为主城区的蠡湖、河埒、蠡园和荣巷街道;发病年龄主要为0~19岁,0~9岁发病占比由2017年的55.18%下降至2022年的24.02%,10~19岁发病占比由2017年的24.51%上升至2022年的35.74%;发病职业主要为学生、幼托儿童和散居儿童,占76.40%;1~6岁适龄儿童第1、2剂次水痘疫苗接种率均逐年上升;0~9岁水痘病例中,突破病例占25.56%;突破病例中仅接种1剂次疫苗的占94.56%,接种疫苗至发病间隔时间≥3年的占70.49%。结论 学校和托幼机构仍是水痘疫情防控的重要场所,需加强关注10~19岁学生的发病及预防。建议将水痘疫苗应急接种纳入免费范围,适时扩大水痘疫苗免费接种年龄。Objective This study was aimed at understanding the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Binhu District,Wuxi City,to provide a scientific basis for adjusting varicella epidemic prevention and control strategies,and guiding varicella vaccination.Methods A descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze data for varicella cases and varicella vaccine immunization history in Binhu District,Wuxi City from 2017 to 2022.Results A total of 4581 cases of varicella were reported in Binhu District,Wuxi City from 2017 to 2022.The average annual reported incidence rate was 143.46/105,indicating a decreasing trend overall.The peak of the epidemic was from November to January and from May to July.The top four areas with the highest incidence were Lihu,Helie,Liyuan,and Rongxiang streets in the main urban area.The age of onset was primarily 0-19 years.The proportion of patients 0-9 years of age decreased from 55.18%in 2017 to 24.02%in 2022,whereas the proportion of patients 10-19 years of age increased from 24.51%in 2017 to 35.74%in 2022.The main groups affected were students,young children in kindergarten,and scattered children,accounting for 76.40%.The vaccination rates for the first and second doses of varicella vaccine in children 1-6 years of age have increased each year.Among varicella cases in children 0-9 years old,breakthrough cases accounted for 25.56%;94.56%of breakthrough cases received only one dose of vaccine,and 70.49%had an interval between vaccination and onset≥3 years.Conclusions Schools and kindergartens remain important areas for varicella epidemic prevention and control.Greater attention must be paid to incidence and prevention among students 10-19 years of age.Emergency varicella vaccination in the free scope and expanding the free vaccination age of varicella vaccine when appropriate are recommended.

关 键 词：水痘 流行特征 疫苗接种 突破病例 应急接种 

分 类 号：R183.3[医药卫生—流行病学]