非同质化通证刑事规制论:风险生成与归责路径  

Non-fungible Token Criminal Regulation: Risk Generation and Imputation Path

作　　者：谢铠 XIE Kai(Law School of Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan,610207,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院,四川成都610207

出　　处：《西华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期62-73,共12页Journal of Xihua University(Philosophy & Social Sciences)

基　　金：四川省哲学社会科学重点研究基地纪检监察研究中心项目“数字政府中公共数据犯罪治理研究”(项目编号:SCJ230410)。

摘　　要：在NFT(非同质化通证)对数字社会刑事风险的重塑中,如何预防其刑事风险外溢并确定相应的刑事归责路径成为实践难题。立足于NFT的“染色方案”与“ERC标准方案”两条技术路线,NFT刑事风险预防应从伦理先行(以人为本)、协同共治、技管结合三个原则展开,并分别建构相应的预防策略。在刑事归责路径上,存在个体参与行为与平台服务行为两个维度。对于前者,以NFT为犯罪对象或犯罪工具的刑事风险可通过“财产犯罪”与“计算机犯罪”两条路径实现合理归责,NFT本体刑事风险可以参照同质化通证的归责方案。对于后者,平台的刑事归责应立足于不作为犯法理,依据不同平台的技术架构模式实质审查并限缩其“技术防控义务”与“损害补救义务”,在真正不作为犯与不真正不作为犯两条路径上实现NFT平台的限定归责。In the digital society,addressing the criminal risks associated with Non-Fungible Tokens(NFTs)is a pressing issue.The challenge lies in preventing the spillover of these risks and establishing clear pathways for criminal responsibility.This involves two primary technical approaches:the"dyeing scheme"and the"ERC standard scheme".To mitigate criminal risks effectively,it is essential to adhere to three guiding principles:prioritizing ethics(with a focus on human-centric approaches),fostering cooperative governance,and integrating technology and management.In terms of prevention strategies,they should be tailored according to these principles.When it comes to delineating paths for criminal responsibility,we must consider two main dimensions:the behavior of individual participants and the actions of platform services.For individual behaviors,criminal risks associated with NFTs,whether as objects or tools,can be logically assigned through the categories of"property crime"and"computer crime".Additionally,the approach to attributing criminal risk for NFTs can draw on the methods used for fungible tokens.Regarding platform services,the criminal liability of platforms should be grounded in the principle of"law of inaction".It is crucial to rigorously assess and define the"technical prevention and control obligation"and the"damage remedy obligation"based on the technical architecture of different platforms.This assessment will help in establishing the limited liability of NFT platforms through the frameworks of real crime of omission and non-real crime of omission.

关 键 词：非同质化通证 刑事规制 司法区块链 平台治理 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]