基于X射线探伤与Photoshop技术实现“吴王光戟”青铜器文物的虚拟修复研究  

Research on Virtual Restoration of Bronze Cultural Relic Halberd of King Guang of Wu Based on X-ray Detection and Photoshop Technologies

作　　者：刘雪刚 赵晓斌 杨丽霞 魏莎妮 丁山 LIU Xuegang;ZHAO Xiaobing;YANG Lixia;WEI Shani;DING Shan(Jingzhou Conservation Center,Jingzhou 434020,China;Jingzhou Museum,Jingzhou 434020,China;School of Materials and Chemistry,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]荆州文物保护中心,湖北荆州434020 [2]荆州博物馆,湖北荆州434020 [3]中国地质大学(武汉)材料与化学学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《宝石和宝石学杂志（中英文）》2024年第5期59-68,共10页Journal of Gems & Gemmology

基　　金：国家文物保护资金一般项目“荆门市博物馆馆藏青铜器保护修复”(项目编号:19-5-13-4200-069)。

摘　　要：X射线探伤技术可在不破坏文物的基础上,对文物内部的腐蚀、破损等未知信息以及文物表面被污染物或锈蚀物覆盖的铭文、纹饰等重要历史、艺术信息进行视图提取,进而为文物保护修复方案的制定及实施提供指导作用。文物保护工作者利用Photoshop技术可对X射线探伤提取的文物信息视图进行清晰化和亮化处理,进而为精准获取器物表面重要铭文、纹饰提供了更直观的视图画面。以“吴王光戟”青铜器的虚拟修复为例,采用X射线探伤技术先获取被锈蚀物完全遮挡的错金铭文探伤图,采用Photoshop技术对“吴王光戟”正反面错金铭文探伤图中的信息进行提取,获取正反面独立的铭文信息,进而获得器物的历史价值;对青铜器表面锈蚀物进行虚拟清除以及断裂部位进行虚拟复原;根据错金铭文探伤图,对器物表面被锈蚀物所覆盖的实体铭文进行精准定位;采集器物表面铭文现存的错金颜色,复制至定位好后的错金铭文探伤图上,以达到修补器物实体铭文颜色的目的。结果显示,X射线探伤技术可清晰、精准地提取“吴王光戟”表面的错金铭文信息,Photoshop技术可虚拟处理器物的锈蚀物、断裂部位、铭文与纹饰的颜色、光泽与亮度,最终在两种现代技术的辅助下完成了“吴王光戟”青铜器文物的虚拟修复效果图。On the basis of non-destructive testing for cultural relics,X-ray detection technology can extract views of unknown information such as corrosion and damage inside cultural relics,as well as important historical and artistic information,including the inscriptions and decorations covered by pollutants or rust on the surface of cultural relics.Those view information can provide guidance for the formulation and the implementation of cultural relic protection and restoration schemes.By using Photoshop technology,the cultural relic conservators can clearly process the view information of cultural relics extracted by X-ray detection.And then,some clear and intuitive visual images of important inscriptions and decorations on the surface of the cultural relic can be accurately obtained.This study takes the Halberd of King Guang of Wu bronze cultural relic as an example,the X-ray detection technology was used to obtain the defectograms of the gold-inlaid inscriptions which were completely covered by bronze corrosion.Then,Photoshop technology was used to extract the independent information of the defectograms of the front and back gold-inlaid inscriptions of Halberd of King Guang of Wu in order to obtain the historical value of the artifacts,and the virtual removal of the bronze corrosion parts and the virtual restoration of the fracture parts of the artifact were carried out.According to the defectograms of the gold-inlaid inscriptions,the entity inscriptions covered by the bronze corrosion parts were accurately positioned;the existing golden colour of the inscriptions was collected and copied on to the defectograms of the gold-inlaid inscriptions after positioning,so as to achieve the purpose of repairing the colour of the physical inscription of the bronze artifact.The results showed that X-ray detection technology can clearly and accurately extract the gold-inlaid inscriptions on the surface of Halberd of King Guang of Wu.Additionally,Photoshop technology can virtually process the bronze corrosion parts,fracture parts,

关 键 词：X射线探伤技术 PHOTOSHOP 虚拟修复 “吴王光戟” 青铜器 

分 类 号：K876.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] TS93[历史地理—历史学]