“十三五”期间我国农村居民结核病健康教育状况及结核病防治核心信息影响因素分析  

Analysis of the health education status of tuberculosis in rural residents and the influencing factors of the core information of tuberculosis prevention and control during the“13th Five-Year Plan”period

作　　者：倪帅虎 陈钢 王嘉[1] 李玉红 李雪[1] 陈伟[1] 张慧[1] 屈燕[1] 罗小峰[2] 赵雁林[1] Ni Shuaihu;Chen Gang;Wang Jia;Li Yuhong;Li Xue;Chen Wei;Zhang Hui;Qu Yan;Luo Xiaofeng;Zhao Yanlin(National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China;School of Public Health,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心结核病预防控制中心,北京102206 [2]兰州大学公共卫生学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《中国防痨杂志》2024年第12期1469-1477,共9页Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis

基　　金：2428结核病预防控制项目。

摘　　要：目的:分析“十三五”期间我国农村居民结核病健康教育状况及结核病防治核心信息影响因素,为针对性提升结核病防治健康教育工作提供科学依据。方法:采用现况调查方法,参照多阶段整群随机抽样方法,从“十三五”全国结核病防治规划终期评估专项调查数据库中抽取居住在全国31个省(市、自治区)和新疆生产建设兵团村级行政单位的26593名15岁及以上常住农村居民行结核病健康教育面对面调查,共获得有效问卷26250份,有效率为98.71%。调查问卷主要包括一般情况(性别、年龄、文化程度等)、结核病防治核心信息(Q_(1):肺结核是长期严重危害健康的慢性传染病;Q_(2):肺结核主要通过呼吸道传播,人人都有可能被感染;Q_(3):咳嗽、咳痰2周以上,应怀疑得了肺结核,要及时就诊;Q_(4):不随地吐痰,咳嗽、打喷嚏时掩口鼻,戴口罩可以减少肺结核的传播;Q_(5):规范全程治疗,绝大多数患者可以治愈,还可避免传染他人)、健康教育情况(包括接受健康教育途径、希望了解防治信息途径、常用的获取网络科普的途径、喜爱的宣传材料和网络科普材料类型)。采用单因素和多因素logistic回归模型对不同特征调查对象的健康教育情况和结核病防治核心信息知晓情况及其影响因素进行分析。结果:26250名常住农村居民对结核病防治核心信息总知晓率为81.77%(107323/131250),对Q_(1)~Q_(5)核心信息的知晓率分别为76.97%(20205/26250)、88.14%(23138/26250)、88.70%(23285/26250)、84.00%(22049/26250)和71.03%(18646/26250)。其中,接受过结核病健康教育的农村居民结核病防治核心信息总知晓率[85.20%(89062/104535)]及对Q_(1)~Q_(5)核心信息的知晓率[80.28%(16785/20907)、92.11%(19258/20907)、92.68%(19377/20907)、86.66%(18117/20907)、74.26%(15525/20907)]均明显高于未接受过结核病健康教育的农村居民[68.35%(18259/26715)、64.01%(3420/5343)、72.62%(3880/5343)、Objective:To assess the status of tuberculosis health education and the factors influencing the comprehension of core tuberculosis prevention and control information among rural residents in China during the‘13th Five-Year Plan’.The analysis aims to enhance tuberculosis health education based on scientific evidence.Methods:Using the prevalence survey method and referring to multi-stage cluster random sampling method,a total of 26593 permanent rural residents aged 15 and above living in village-level administrative units of 31 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps were selected from the special survey database for the final assessment of the National Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Plan in the‘13th Five-Year Plan’.We collected 26250 valid responses to questionnaires on tuberculosis health education,yielding an effective response rate of 98.71%.The questionnaire covered general demographic information(gender,age,education level),the core information of tuberculosis prevention and control(Q_(1):Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that seriously endangers health for a long time;Q_(2):Tuberculosis is mainly transmitted through the respiratory tract,and everyone can be infected;Q_(3):Cough and sputum for more than 2 weeks should be suspected of tuberculosis,and seek medical treatment in time;Q_(4):Not spitting,covering mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing,and wearing a mask can reduce the spread of tuberculosis;Q_(5):Standardized full treatment can cure the vast majority of patients and avoid infecting others),and the current status of health education(methods of receiving health education,preferred methods learning about tuberculosis prevention and control information,methods of accessing online science popularization,preferred types of tuberculosis dissemination and online science popularization materials).Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to assess the relationship between various demographic c

关 键 词：结核 农村人口 健康知识 态度 实践 问卷调查 因素分析 统计学 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R52[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]