不同负荷的Wingate测试对重竞技项目运动员无氧能力的影响  

Effects of Wingate Test with Different Loads on Anaerobic Capacity of Athletes in Heavy Sports

作　　者：潘甜 胡钰霄 郭鹏程 龚志刚[1] PAN Tian;HU Yuxiao;GUO Pengcheng;GONG Zhigang(College of Physical Education,Jiangxi Normal University;Key Laboratory of Training Monitoring and Intervention for Aquatic Programmes,State General Administration of Sports,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang,Jiangxi Province,330022 China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学体育学院 [2]江西师范大学国家体育总局水上项目训练监控与干预重点实验室,江西南昌330022

出　　处：《当代体育科技》2024年第31期1-4,共4页Contemporary Sports Technology

摘　　要：目的:运用Wingate无氧功测试(Wingate anaerobic test,WAnT)法比较73名重竞技项目运动员在不同阻力系数下10 s、30 s的无氧能力。方法:对73名运动员进行两种阻力系数下的10 s、30 s无氧功测试。以峰值功率(peak power,PP)、平均功率(mean power,MP)和疲劳指数(fatigue index,FI),以及运动后血乳酸值作为评价无氧能力的指标,运用t检验比较不同阻力系数下运动员无氧能力的差异。结果:10 s无氧功测试时,10%体质量(body mass,BM)阻力系数下运动员的PP、MP及FI与7.5%BM阻力系数下的各指标相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。30 s无氧功测试时,男子运动员在10%BM阻力系数下的PP与7.5%BM阻力系数下的PP相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),MP和FI的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而运动后血乳酸值的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);女子运动员在10%BM阻力系数下的PP与7.5%BM阻力系数下的PP相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而MP、FI和血乳酸值的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在30 s无氧功测试中,男子运动员可以优先选择10.0%BM的阻力系数;在女子运动员10 s无氧功测试中,优选选择10.0%BM为佳,30 s无氧功测试时,评价磷酸原供能系统做功时优选10.0%BM的阻力系数,评价乳酸能供能系统做功时选用7.5%BM阻力系数。Objective:To compare the anaerobic capacity of 73 heavy sports athletes under two resistance coefficients at 10s and 30s using the Wingate anaerobic test(WAnT)method.Methods:Conduct 10 second and 30 second anaerobic work tests on 73 athletes under two resistance coefficients.peak power(PP),mean power(MP),fatigue index(FI)as well as post-exercise blood lactate values as indicators to evaluate anaerobic capacity,and t-tests were used to compare the differences between the anaerobic capacities of athletes under the two different resistance coefficients.Results:During the 10s WAnT test,the PP,MP and FI of the athletes under the 10.0%body mass(BM)resistance coefficient were highly significant(P<0.01).During 30s WAnT test,male athletes at 10.0%BM resistance coefficient had a highly significant increase in PP(P<0.01),MP and FI(P<0.05),while there was no statistically significant difference in post-exercise blood lactate values(P>0.05);Female athletes at 10.0%BM resistance coefficient had a highly significant elevation in PP(P<0.01),while there was no statistical difference in MP,FI and blood lactate values(P>0.05).Conclusion:During 30sWAnT test,male athletes can prioritize a resistance coefficient of BM 10.0%;During 10s WAnT test for female athletes,10.0%BM is the best choice;In the 30s WAnT test,10.0%BM is preferred for evaluating the work of the phosphate source energy supply system,and a resistance coefficient of 7.5%BM is preferred for evaluating the work of the lactate energy supply system.

关 键 词：阻力系数 温盖特测试 重竞技项目 无氧功率 

分 类 号：G8[文化科学—体育学]