特纳的美利坚种属论及其政治生源  

The Political Germ of Frederick Jackson Turner’s Genus Americanus Theory

作　　者：刘小枫[1] Liu Xiaofeng

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中山大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期300-310,共11页Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金项目“‘普遍历史’观念源流研究”(22XNLG10)。

摘　　要：弗雷德里克·特纳以其“移动边疆说”解释美国的政治成长以及由此形成的独特政治品质著称,此论虽然是对美利坚合众国形成初期“西进”运动的理解,实际上与马汉的“海权论”以及西奥多·罗斯福的美国扩张论相呼应。特纳的政治史学用社会达尔文主义补充马基雅维利主义,无异于从生物—政治地理学角度为美国的扩张提供政治史学支撑。19世纪末的德国政治地理学家拉采尔因其生物—政治地理学迄今没有摆脱历史罪名,而特纳的政治史学理应分享这样的罪名。在19世纪末的自由帝国主义时代的政治历史中,特纳的“移动边疆说”更有资格成为代表性文献。Frederick Jackson Turner is primarily recognized for his concept of the“Moving Frontier”,which explains the political growth of America and the unique political characteristics that emerged in this process.While this theory offers insight into the“Westward Movement”during the formative years of the United States,it also resonates with Alfred Thayer Mahan’s ideas on“Sea Power”and Theodore Roosevelt’s American expansionism.By intertwining Machiavellian principles with Social Darwinism,Turner’s political history presents a bio-political geography that serves as a foundation for understanding the history of American expansion.Although the late nineteenth-century German political geographer Friedrich Ratzel has faced historical scrutiny for his own biopolitical geography,it is Turner’s political history that truly warrants such criticism.Turner’s“Moving Frontier”stands out as a significant document within the political history of the late nineteenth century,particularly in the context of liberal imperialism.

关 键 词：弗雷德里克·特纳 移动边疆说 政治地理学 政治史学 自由帝国主义 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学] K712[历史地理—历史学] K901.4[历史地理—世界史]