老年人预期养老方式及其影响因素  

Influencing factors of the expected pension mode of the elderly

作　　者：周俊阁 原田甜 李国鑫 田庆丰 ZHOU Junge;YUAN Tiantian;LI Guoxin;TIAN Qingfeng(Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management,College of Public Health,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学公共卫生学院社会医学与卫生事业管理学教研室,郑州450001

出　　处：《郑州大学学报（医学版）》2024年第6期792-796,共5页Journal of Zhengzhou University(Medical Sciences)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC2006100)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨老年人预期养老方式及其影响因素。方法:采用多阶段分层整群抽样法对青岛市、广州市和苏州市6个街道社区1303名老年人(≥60岁)展开现场问卷调查,了解其基本信息以及预期养老方式,采用无序多分类Logistic回归分析探讨老年人预期养老方式的影响因素。结果:选择传统家庭养老、社区居家养老、机构养老的老年人分别占20.0%、62.5%、17.6%。婚姻状况为未婚/离婚/丧偶[OR(95%Cl)为0.410(0.258~0.652)],目前居住方式为与配偶和子女居住[OR(95%Cl)为0.128(0.052~0.313)],探望频率每天1次、1~2周1次[OR(95%Cl)分别为0.236(0.121~0.460)、0.510(0.261~0.996)]是影响老年人选择社区居家养老的因素(P<0.05);独居、与配偶/伴侣居住、与配偶和子女居住[OR(95%Cl)分别为0.165(0.062~0.438)、0.070(0.023~0.216)、0.021(0.008~0.059)],探望频率每天1次、1~2周1次[OR(95%Cl)分别为0.074(0.029~0.189)、0.419(0.190~0.924)],外出频率每天多次、1~5次/周[OR(95%Cl)为0.180(0.082~0.411)、0.380(0.192~0.750)]是影响老年人选择机构养老的因素(P<0.05)。结论:目前居住方式、探望频率和外出频率是老年人预期养老方式的重要影响因素,应重视老年人社区居家养老需求。Aim:To investigate the expected pension mode and its influencing factors among the elderly.Methods:A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling approach was employed to conduct on-site questionnaire surveys among 1303 elderly individuals(age≥60 years)from 6 street communities in Qingdao,Guangzhou,and Suzhou.Their basic information and expected pension mode were obtained.Multinomial Logistic regression analysis was utilized to explore the influencing factors of the expected pension mode among the elderly.Results:The elderly who chose traditional family nursing care,community home nursing care and institutional nursing care accounted for 20.0%,62.5%and 17.6%,respectively.The unmarried,divorced or widowed elderly[OR(95%Cl)0.410(0.258-0.652)],living with spouse and children[OR(95%Cl)0.128(0.052-0.313)],and visiting frequency of once a day or once 1-2 weeks[OR(95%Cl)0.236(0.121-0.460),0.510(0.261-0.996)]were influencing factors of community home nursing care(P<0.05);living alone,living with spouse or partner,living with spouse and children[OR(95%Cl)0.165(0.062-0.438),0.070(0.023-0.216),0.021(0.008-0.059)],visiting frequency of once a day or once 1 week[OR(95%Cl)0.074(0.029-0.189),0.419(0.190-0.924)],and going out frequency of multiple times a day or 1~5 times a week[OR(95%Cl)0.180(0.082-0.411),0.380(0.192-0.750)]were influencing factors of institutional nursing care(P<0.05).Conclusion:The current living style,visiting frequency and going out frequency are main factors influencing the expected pension mode of the elderly.Attention should be paid to the need of community home nursing care of the elderly.

关 键 词：预期养老方式 影响因素 老年人 

分 类 号：R195.1[医药卫生—卫生统计学]