古漢語多義連詞“然”及其複音化  

The Polysemy Conjunctive Ran(然)in Ancient Chinese and its Polyphonation

作　　者：姜南 Jiang Nan

机构地区：[1]中國社會科學院語言研究所,北京102488

出　　处：《文献语言学》2024年第2期78-89,232,233,共14页

摘　　要：跨語言的事實表明,語法項的形態與其語義、句法功能成反比。古漢語連詞“然”同樣由於形態簡單而功能複雜,除常用作轉折連詞外,還有承接連詞、讓步連詞以及話題標記等用法。且文獻顯示,單音連詞“然”的語法化早於複音連詞“然而、雖然”等的詞彙化。這無疑是對跨層構詞、詞組凝定成詞等傳統看法的挑戰,畢竟同義並列複合是中古時期最能産的構詞方式。究竟哪種演變方式才真實合理?本文試從古漢語連詞“然”獨特的音步特徵及句法語義個性出發,再探“然”語法化爲各類連詞的典型環境,並結合梵漢佛經對勘材料,重新還原多義連詞“然”的形成及其複音化進程。The fact of cross-language shows that the form of grammatical items is inversely proportional to their semantic and syntactic functions.In ancient Chinese,the conjunctive Ran(然)is also simple in form but complex in function.Besides its common usage as a transition conjunction,it also serves as a concession conjunction and topic marker.Literature suggests that the grammaticalization of the monophonic conjunctive Ran(然)is earlier than the lexicalization of the polyphonic conjunctives Raner(然而)and Suiran(雖然).This is challenges traditional views on word formation and phrase condensation into words across different layers.After all,synonymous juxtaposition and compound formation were the most productive modes of word formation during the Middle Ages.Which evolution mode is true and reasonable?This paper aims to explore this question by examining the unique phonetic characteristics,syntactic functions,and semantic personality of the ancient Chinese conjunctive Ran(然),as well as investigating its grammaticalization into various types of conjunctions through analysis of Sanskrit-Chinese Buddhist scriptures.

关 键 词：多義連詞“然” 轉折 讓步 同義複合 

分 类 号：H12[语言文字—汉语]