深海沉积矿产成矿机制研究:进展与展望  

Research on the metallogenic mechanism of deep sea sedimentary mineral resources:Review and outlook

作　　者：何高文[1] 王海峰[1] 任江波[1] 杨永 王汾连 张立敏 邓贤泽 刘实佳 赵斌 陆蕾 刘永刚[1] 姜玉涵 刘裕菲 韦振权 周建厚 付宇 李小虎 罗帅杰 HE Gaowen;WANG Haifeng;REN Jiangbo;YANG Yong;WANG Fenlian;ZHANG Limin;DENG Xianze;LIU Shijia;ZHAO Bin;LU Lei;LIU Yonggang;JIANG Yuhan;LIU Yufei;WEI Zhenquan;ZHOU Jianhou;FU Yu;LI Xiaohu;LUO Shuaijie(Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources,Ministry of Nature Resources,Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey,China Geology Survey,Guangzhou,Guangdong 511458,China;School of Marine Sciences,Zhuhai,Guangdong 519082,China;Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310012,China;Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center,China Geological Survey,Haikou,Hainan 571126,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部海底矿产资源重点实验室,中国地质调查局广州海洋地质调查局,广东广州511458 [2]中山大学海洋科学学院,广东珠海519082 [3]自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江杭州310012 [4]中国地质调查局海口海洋地质调查中心,海南海口571126

出　　处：《地质学报》2024年第11期3202-3212,共11页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委与中国地质调查局地质联合基金项目(编号U2244222,42072324,42103071);中国地质调查项目(编号DD20230068)联合资助的成果。

摘　　要：深海沉积矿产主要包括富钴结壳、多金属结核、富稀土沉积物等,其中前二者富含钴、镍、铜、稀土等关键金属元素,后者富含中重稀土元素,是可供未来开发的战略性矿产。结壳、结核、深海稀土分别赋存于海山、海盆表面和海底沉积物中,三者的成矿过程存在关联,海水在成矿过程中发挥了重要作用。钴、镍、铜、稀土等关键金属元素基本未形成独立矿物。以往工作多集中对三种矿产展开单独研究,限制了深海成矿过程的整体认识。本文通过梳理国内外学者对结壳、结核和深海稀土三种深海沉积矿产的空间分布、元素赋存状态、富集机制及控矿条件等方面的进展和存在问题,提出以地球系统科学思想为指导,聚焦成矿元素,开展多圈层相互作用下成矿元素的源-运-聚过程和山-盆体系下“结壳-结核-深海稀土”三者时空耦合机制研究,为深海成矿预测提供理论指导。Deep sea sedimentary mineral resources mainly include cobalt-rich crusts,polymetallic nodules and REEs-rich sediments,of which the former two are rich in cobalt,nickel,copper,rare earth elements(REEs)and other critical metal elements,and the latter is rich in medium and heavy REEs,which are potential strategic mineral resources in the future.Crusts,nodules,and REEs-rich sediments are distributed on the surface of seamounts,seabed and deep sea sediments respectively,and the mineralization processes are related,and sea water plays an important role in the mineralization process.The critical metals such as cobalt,nickel,copper and REEs havent formed independent minerals.Previous studies mainly focus on the separate research on single mineral resource,which limited overall understanding of deep-sea mineralization processes.On the basis of reviewing the progress and existing problems of domestic and foreign scholars on the spatial distribution,occurrence status,enrichment mechanisms,and controlling factors of three deep-sea sedimentary mineral resources above,this paper proposes to focus on ore-forming elements,to conduct the study on process of“source-migrationenrichment”of the ore-forming elements under multi-sphere interaction and the spatiotemporal coupling mechanism of sedimentary mineral resources in“seamountain-basin system”under the guidance of Earth system science,which provides theoretical guidance for deep-sea metallogenic prediction.

关 键 词：富钴结壳 多金属结核 深海稀土 成矿机制 进展与展望 

分 类 号：P744[天文地球—海洋科学]