沙化草地恢复中小叶锦鸡儿对植被和土壤的影响  

Effects of Caragana microphylla on vegetation and soil in the restoration of desertified grasslands

作　　者：朱甜甜 海鹭 曹文旭 李旭 李清河[1] ZHU Tiantian;HAI Lu;CAO Wenxu;LI Xu;LI Qinghe(Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources,Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Experimental Center of Desert Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Dengkou 015200,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室,北京100091 [2]中国林业科学研究院沙漠林业实验中心,内蒙古磴口015200

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2024年第11期1875-1886,共12页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31470622);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC05009083)资助。

摘　　要：小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)是沙化草地促进植被恢复中常用的灌木树种,解析其在不同沙化草地恢复阶段对灌丛内植被和土壤理化特征的影响,对沙地植被恢复和可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究以呼伦贝尔沙地中半固定沙地、固定沙地和沙质草地3个典型沙化草地植被恢复阶段的小叶锦鸡儿灌丛为研究对象,通过方差分析、Pearson相关分析及冗余分析方法,探讨不同沙化草地植被恢复阶段小叶锦鸡儿灌丛下植被群落和土壤理化特征变化及其二者的关系。结果表明:(1)随着沙化草地植被恢复程度的增强,灌丛内植被物种丰富度、ShannonWiener指数、群落高度和生物量增加。灌丛内的群落高度和生物量均高于灌丛外,在半固定沙地和固定沙地阶段灌丛内植被物种丰富度高于灌丛外。(2)在0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层中,土壤含水量呈现逐渐增加的趋势,最高值在沙质草地阶段(1.2%),且灌丛内高于灌丛外。黏粒和粉粒含量随着沙地植被恢复程度的增加逐渐增加,且灌丛内高于灌丛外,沙粒则表现相反。(3)随着植被恢复程度的增加,土壤有机碳逐渐增加,最高值在沙质草地阶段(4.12 g·kg^(-1)),表现为灌丛内高于灌丛外。土壤全氮从半固定沙地到固定沙地阶段增加,各阶段均表现为灌丛内高于灌丛外。随着植被恢复程度的增加,灌丛内土壤pH减小。土壤全磷无显著变化。(4)土壤理化特征分别解释了灌丛内外植被变化的59.6%和46.9%,其中主要影响因子是土壤粒径、全氮、含水量和有机碳。本研究表明在沙化草地植被恢复过程中,小叶锦鸡儿灌丛通过改善灌丛下土壤理化特征,包括土壤粒径、含水量、有机碳和全氮,对植被生长发育具有促进作用。Caragana microphylla,a shrub species commonly used to promote vegetation recovery in grasslands affected by desertification,plays a significant role in the ecological restoration and sustainable development of sandy lands.Understanding its impact on understory vegetation and soil physicochemical characteristics during different stages of desertified grassland recovery is crucial.This study focuses on C.microphylla shrublands in three typical stages of desertified grassland vegetation recovery in the Hulun Buir sandy land:semi-fixed,fixed,and sandy grasslands.This study used ANOVA,Pearson’s correlation analysis,and redundancy analysis methods to explore the changes in understory plant communities and soil physicochemical characteristics in C.microphylla shrublands during different stages of desertified grassland vegetation recovery and their interrelationships.The results indicate that,as the degree of vegetation recovery in desertified grasslands increases,the species richness of the understory vegetation,Shannon-Wiener index,community height,and biomass also increase.The community height and biomass within the shrublands are higher than outside,with species richness within the shrublands being higher than outside during the semi-fixed and fixed sandland stages.In the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers,SWC displays an increasing trend,peaking in the sandy grassland stage(1.2%),and is higher within the shrublands than outside.The SWC at 10-20 cm is higher at 0-10 cm.In both layers,clay and silt content gradually increases with the degree of vegetation recovery in the sandy land and is higher within the shrublands than outside,while the opposite is true for sand content.In both soil layers,SOC gradually increases with the degree of vegetation recovery,peaking in the sandy grassland stage(4.12 g·kg^(-1))and is higher within the shrublands than outside.TN increases from the semi-fixed to the fixed sand land stage,with higher levels within the shrublands than outside at all stages.Soil pH within the shrublands decrea

关 键 词：沙化草地植被恢复 小叶锦鸡儿 植被特征 土壤理化特征 呼伦贝尔 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]