国际条约下的气候资金问题辨析  

Climate finance in the context of international law

作　　者：高翔 GAO Xiang(National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International Cooperation,Beijing 100035,China)

机构地区：[1]国家应对气候变化战略研究和国际合作中心,北京100035

出　　处：《气候变化研究进展》2024年第6期799-807,共9页Climate Change Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目(21AZD123)。

摘　　要：作为《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《巴黎协定》下的核心谈判议题之一,气候资金始终是各方博弈的焦点。在过去三十余年的全球治理进程中,气候资金始终缺乏准确的定义,而其内涵已经发生了显著变化。文中从气候资金的本源、数量、流向、使用4个维度,通过地理边界、国际法属性、名义数量、实际数量、法律附加核算要求、出资主体、用资主体、支持渠道、目的用途、金融属性10个指标,对气候资金进行辨析。研究发现气候资金最显著的演变是从《公约》将气候资金界定为附件二缔约方在国际条约下的强制性法律义务,演变为《巴黎协定》将气候资金划分为国际法义务的气候资金和全球行动的气候资金两种类型。建议明确气候资金的不同定义,构建全球统一的核算方法,并提高气候资金信息透明度,促进各方履行国际条约下的气候资金义务与责任和国际合作。In the process of global climate governance of last thirty years,there hasn’t been accurate definition of climate finance,while the connotation of which has been evolved significantly.In this study,a climate finance analyzing framework was established with 4 dimensions and 10 indicators,including dimensions on origin,quantity,flow direction and usage,and indicators of geographic boundary,legal character,nominal quantity,real quantity,specific accounting requirements induced by laws,provider,recipient,channel,purpose,and financial instrument,which was then applied to analyze the evolution of climate finance under global governance.It is found that the most significant evolution is the changing of climate finance as mandatory obligation of Parties included in the Annex II of the UNFCCC to two different connotations,i.e.,climate finance as obligation under international law and climate finance as global action.It is also found the difference in the order of magnitude among climate finance estimation,reporting and initiative is mainly caused by scope ambiguity and inconsistency of accounting standards.It is then recommended to acknowledge the two different definitions of climate finance,establish unified climate finance accounting methodology across the world,and enhance transparency of climate finance information,in order to enhance the implementation of obligations and responsibilities on climate finance under international climate treaties,as well as to enhance international cooperation.

关 键 词：气候变化 全球气候治理 气候资金 气候条约 气候谈判 

分 类 号：F831[经济管理—金融学] P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]