新疆甘家湖梭梭林国家级自然保护区植被群落多样性及空间分布格局  

Vegetation community diversity and spatial distribution pattern in Ganjiahu Saxoul National Nature Reserve,Xinjiang

作　　者：王安琪 张钰[1] 刘佳伟 赵威 刘馨雨 李凯[1] WANG Anqi;ZHANG Yu;LIU Jiawei;ZHAO Wei;LIU Xinyu;LI Kai(School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Jinghe Branch of Ganjiahu Saxoul National Nature Reserve Administration,Jinghe 833300,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京100083 [2]新疆甘家湖梭梭林国家级自然保护区管理局精河分局,新疆精河833300

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2024年第11期1841-1851,共11页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：新疆自然保护地调查与国家公园潜力区科学考察(2021xjkk1201)资助。

摘　　要：新疆甘家湖梭梭林国家级自然保护区位于典型的绿洲-荒漠过渡带,明确保护区内主要植被类型及分布有助于生物多样性的保护与恢复。以2022年同期遥感影像为样点布设依据,在2023年8月进行实地调查,利用双向指示种分析法(TWINSPAN)对保护区内植被样方进行分类,计算各植被类型的α多样性指数,随后构建随机森林模型以评估植被样方的聚类结果并可视化。结果表明:(1)在甘家湖保护区,草本植物以猪毛菜属(Salsola spp.)分布最为广泛,灌木以梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)、碱蓬属(Suaeda spp.)、红砂(Reaumuria songarica)、角果藜(Ceratocarpus arenarius)等为这一地区主要的植被组成。(2)TWINSPAN将62个植被样方划分成14个类型,其中猪毛菜属+碱蓬属群丛(Ass.Salsola spp.+Suaeda spp.,G5)所占面积最大,且植被多样性最高;猪毛菜属+角果藜群丛(Ass.Salsola spp.+Ceratocarpus arenarius,G7)物种多样性较高,同时面积占比较大;单一植被型群丛(G14)Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与Simpson优势度指数均为最低,Pielou均匀度指数为1,在保护区中主要体现为农田和盐渍化极高的裸地。(3)随机森林模型的总体精度达到87.10%,Kappa系数达到0.8553,错分误差与漏分误差相对较小。(4)梭梭和白梭梭集中分布在保护区西北部核心区以及中偏南部的缓冲区。研究结果可为保护区后续精准管理奠定基础。The Ganjiahu Saxoul National Nature Reserve in Xinjiang,China,is situated in a typical oasis-desert transition zone.Clearly identifying the main vegetation types and their distribution within the reserve is essential for biodiversity protection and restoration.Based on remote sensing images from 2022,a field survey was conducted in August 2023.Vegetation samples from the Ganjiahu Saxoul National Nature Reserve were classified using the two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN)method.Alpha diversity indices of each vegetation type were calculated,followed by the development of a random forest model to evaluate and visualize the clustering results of vegetation quadrats.The results are as follows:(1)In the Ganjiahu Saxoul National Nature Reserve,the dominant herbaceous plants are primarily Salsola spp.,while the principal shrubs include Haloxylon ammodendron,Suaeda spp.,Reaumuria songarica,and Ceratocarpus arenarius.(2)Sixty-two vegetation sample plots were categorized into 14 types in TWINSPAN.Among these,the Ass.Salsola spp.+Suaeda spp.(G5)covered the largest area and exhibited the highest vegetation diversity.The Ass.Salsola spp.+Ceratocarpus arenarius(G7)showed both high species diversity and extensive coverage.The G14 type represented a single vegetation community with the lowest Shannon-Wiener and Simpson’s diversity indices and had a Pielou’s evenness index of 1,predominantly comprising farmland and highly saline bare land in the Ganjiahu Saxoul National Nature Reserve.(3)The random forest model achieved an overall accuracy of 87.10%,with a Kappa coefficient of 0.8553,and demonstrated relatively low commission and omission errors.(4)H.ammodendron and H.persicum are mainly distributed in the core area in the northwest and the buffer zone extending from the central to southern parts of the Ganjiahu Saxoul National Nature Reserve.These findings provide a foundation for future precise management of the Ganjiahu Saxoul National Nature Reserve.

关 键 词：植被类型 空间分布 双向指示种分析法 物种多样性 随机森林 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]