2023年西北太平洋和南海台风活动概述  

Overview of typhoon activities over western North Pacific and the South China Sea in 2023

作　　者：聂高臻 钱奇峰 贾莉 宋晚郊[3] NIE Gaozhen;QIAN Qifeng;JIA Li;SONG Wanjiao(National Meteorological Center,Beiing 100081,China;Xiong’an Institute of Meteorological Artificial Intelligence,Xiong’an 071700,China;National Satellite Meteorological Center,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]国家气象中心,北京100081 [2]雄安气象人工智能创新研究院,河北雄安071700 [3]国家卫星气象中心,北京100081

出　　处：《海洋气象学报》2024年第4期101-111,共11页Journal of Marine Meteorology

基　　金：风云卫星应用先行计划(2023)“天气预报应用专项”(FY-APP-ZX-2023.01)。

摘　　要：利用国家气象中心热带气旋业务定位报文、地面气象观测资料等,对2023年西北太平洋和南海台风活动的主要特征和影响我国台风的路径、强度及风雨影响进行分析和回顾。结果表明:2023年西北太平洋和南海生成17个热带风暴级及以上强度的热带气旋(以下统称“台风”),较多年平均和气候平均值分别偏少9.9个和8.1个;秋季仅有4个台风生成,数量仅占历史同期平均值的40%。台风总体强度偏强,生成源地偏东。登陆台风为6个,分别较多年和气候平均偏少1.0和1.2个,但强度偏强,极端降水事件多发,灾害严重。其中台风“杜苏芮”引发的风雨影响广泛,造成重大人员伤亡和经济损失;台风“苏拉”和“海葵”对华南地区的影响也十分严重,引发大范围强降雨,导致广泛的内涝、滑坡等灾害,造成严重人员伤亡和经济损失。台风活跃期不明显,盛夏登陆台风偏少,秋季登陆台风偏多。Using the operational track data of tropical cyclones from National Meteorological Center,observing data of surface weather stations and data from other sources,analysis and review are conducted on the main characteristics of the typhoon activities over western North Pacific and the South China Sea in 2023,focusing on the typhoon tracks,intensities and wind and rainfall impacts on China.The results indicate that in 2023,17 tropical cyclones that reached tropical storm intensity or higher(hereafter referred to as“typhoons”)formed over western North Pacific and the South China Sea,which is 9.9 and 8.1 fewer than the long-term average and climate average,respectively.Only 4 typhoons formed in autumn,accounting for just 40%of the historical average in the same period.The overall intensity of the typhoons is stronger than normal,and the formation regions are further east.There are 6 landfalling typhoons,which is 1.0 and 1.2 fewer than the long-term average and climate average,respectively.However,the typhoons are stronger with frequent extreme precipitation events,causing severe damage.Among them,Typhoon Doksuri has widespread wind and rainfall impacts,causing significant casualties and economic losses.Typhoon Saola and Typhoon Haikui also have severe impacts on South China,triggering widespread heavy rainfall,flooding,landslides,and other disasters and thus resulting in severe casualties and economic losses.The typhoon active period is not distinct,with fewer typhoons making landfall in midsummer but more in autumn.

关 键 词：台风 登陆台风 活动特征 台风源地 台风残余环流 极端降水 

分 类 号：P444[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]