秸秆还田与改良剂对盐碱土化学性质和养分的影响  

Effects of Straw Returning and Amendments on Chemical Properties and Nutrients of Saline-alkali Soil

作　　者：于博 杨哲 王钰艳 马扬 郭艳 张一博 任琴[1,2] 穆俊祥 徐松鹤[2,5] 张学峰 YU Bo;YANG Zhe;WANG Yuyan;MA Yang;GUO Yan;ZHANG Yibo;REN Qin;MU Junxiang;XU Songhe;ZHANG Xuefeng(School of Life Science and Technology,Jining Normal University,Ulanqab,Inner Mongolia 012000;Key Laboratory of Stress Resistance of Biological Cash Crops in Ulanqab,Ulanqub,Inner Mongolia 012000;Jining District Agriculture,Animal Husbandry and Water Conservancy Development Center,Ulanqab,Inner Mongolia 012000;Biotechnology Research and Application Institute,Jining Normal University,Ulanqab,Inner Mongolia 012000;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Jining Normal University,Ulanqub,Inner Mongolia 012000;Civilization Practice Guidance Center in New Era in Ulanqab of Inner Mongolia,Ulanqab,Inner Mongolia 012000)

机构地区：[1]集宁师范学院生命科学与技术学院,内蒙古乌兰察布012000 [2]乌兰察布市生物学经济作物抗逆重点实验室,内蒙古乌兰察布012000 [3]集宁区农牧水利事业发展中心,内蒙古乌兰察布012000 [4]集宁师范学院生物技术研发与应用研究所,内蒙古乌兰察布012000 [5]集宁师范学院化学与化工学院,内蒙古乌兰察布012000 [6]乌兰察布市新时代文明实践指导中心,内蒙古乌兰察布012000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第32期50-55,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：乌兰察布市基础研究项目“盐碱地培肥机理与秸秆还田节水调控技术研究”(2021JC201);大学生创新创业训练计划项目“盐碱地土壤有机质及微团聚体培肥研究”(202211427002);“盐碱地‘淡化耕层’形成机理与改良研究”(X20231142070034);“内蒙古平原灌区土壤微生物功能多样性与秸秆还田调控机制研究”(S202211427023);“春玉米根冠衰老与内源激素特征及秸秆还田调控机制研究”(X20231142070044);内蒙古自治区高等学校科学技术研究项目“乌兰察布地区几种蒿属植物BVOCs对狼毒的化感作用及临界计量”(NJZY22309);内蒙古自治区哲学社会学重点研究基地;集宁师范学院生物技术研发与应用研究所项目。

摘　　要：乌兰察布市盐碱地面积占土地面积近1/5,盐碱地土壤肥力低,造成农作物产量偏低。本研究针对乌兰察布市盐碱地土壤肥力低下、农作物产量偏低的问题,在白海子镇庞家村和平地泉镇南村进行了秸秆还田和化学改良剂Al_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)和FeSO_(4)处理的田间试验。以未进行秸秆还田和不施用改良剂的盐碱田土壤作为对照,测定了0~40 cm土层的土壤pH、电导率、有机质、全氮和速效养分。结果表明:(1)秸秆还田和化学改良剂都显著降低了0~40 cm土层土壤pH、电导率和土壤盐分。(2)秸秆还田和化学改良剂都显著提高了耕层土壤全氮和土壤有机质。(3)秸秆还田和化学改良剂都显著提高了耕层土壤速效养分。综上,秸秆还田和化学改良剂显著降低了盐碱田耕层和犁底层土壤pH和电导率,显著增加了土壤有机质、全氮和速效养分,化学改良剂对盐碱田的改良效果更优于秸秆还田处理。本研究为乌兰察布市盐碱田改良与培肥和高标准农田建设提供理论和技术支撑,有助于保证粮食稳产,保障地区和国家粮食安全。The saline-alkali land area of Ulanqab City accounts for nearly one-fifth of the land area,and the low fertility of the saline-alkali soil leads to low crop yield.In this experiment,straw returning,Al_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)and FeSO_(4)improvement treatments were designed in Pangjia Village of Baihaizi Town and Nan Village of Pingdiquan Town.The soil of saline-alkali field without straw returning to the field and without amendment was taken as the control.Soil pH,electrical conductivity,organic matter,total nitrogen and available nutrients in 0-40 cm soil layer were measured.The results showed that:(1)both straw returning and chemical amendments significantly reduced soil pH,electrical conductivity and soil salinity in 0-40 cm soil layer.(2)Both straw returning and chemical amendments significantly increased total nitrogen and organic matter in topsoil.(3)Both straw returning and chemical amendments significantly increased the available nutrients in topsoil.In conclusion,straw returning and chemical amendments significantly reduced the pH and electrical conductivity of soil in the topsoil and subsoil,and significantly increased soil organic matter,total nitrogen and available nutrients.The improvement effect of chemical amendments on saline-alkali fields was better than that of straw returning treatment.This study provided theoretical and technical support for salt-alkali field improvement and fertilizer cultivation and high-standard farmland construction in Ulanqab City to ensure stable grain yield and regional and national food security.

关 键 词：盐碱田 秸秆还田 电导率 有机质 速效养分 化学改良剂 土壤PH 土壤有机质 全氮 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]