银黑双色地膜的小气候效应及其在草莓栽培上的应用研究  

Micro-Climatic Effect of Silver-Black Mulch Films and Their Application in Strawberry Cultivation

作　　者：魏莎莎 李清斌 林宏伟 范凯锋 秦奔奔 唐一宁 陈磊 WEI Shasha;LI Qingbin;LIN Hongwei;FAN Kaifeng;QIN Benben;TANG Yining;CHEN Lei(Cixi Meteorological Bureau,Cixi,Zhejiang 315300;Beilun District Meteorological Service,Beilun,Zhejiang 315826)

机构地区：[1]慈溪市气象局,浙江慈溪315300 [2]北仑区气象局,浙江北仑315826

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第32期116-122,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：宁波市气象局一般项目(NBQX2022008B)。

摘　　要：本研究基于2012—2021年慈溪市大棚草莓花果期(11月—次年4月)降水量、雨日、日照时数等逐日气象资料,分析了浙北地区连阴雨寡照发生频次和发生强度,同时,开展了大棚草莓双色地膜(上层为银灰色,下层为黑色)与黑色地膜覆盖应用效果对比试验。结果表明,2012—2020年慈溪市大棚草莓开花坐果期连阴雨发生概率为17.7%,发生次数呈微下降趋势,线性趋势系数为-0.005,连阴雨强度平均为6.3,发生强度呈增强趋势,线性趋势系数为0.0264。连阴雨发生次数最多为11月,最少为4月。7 d以上的连阴雨出现最多的是11月,其次是1月。在气温较低的冬春季,两种地膜覆盖模式均能有效提升和保持浅层土温至10℃以上,银黑双色膜处理组浅层地温整体低于黑膜覆盖处理组,平均气温低0.4℃;银黑双色膜处理组太阳总辐射整体高于黑膜覆盖组,平均值高9.1 W/m2。在生产早期(12月—次年2月),银黑双色膜处理草莓平均产量3629.4 kg/hm^(2),黑膜覆盖处理草莓平均产量2951.1 kg/hm^(2),增产可达20%。银黑双色膜处理对草莓叶片SPAD值、可溶性固形物和果实横径的增长有一定的促进作用。因此在生产上,可以采用覆盖银黑双色地膜,来改善大棚内小气候环境,达到草莓增产增收的作用。Based on the daily meteorological data,such as precipitation,rain days and sunshine duration during the flowering and fruiting stages(from November to April)of strawberry in greenhouse of Cixi City from 2012 to 2021,both occurrence frequency and intensity of continuous cloudy and rainy days in Northern Zhejiang Province were analyzed.Meanwhile,a comparative experiment was conducted regarding the application effects between silver-black mulch films(the upper layer adopts a silver mulch film while the lower layer adopts a black one)and black mulch film onto strawberry greenhouse.According to the findings,the probability of continuous cloudy and rainy days was 17.7%during the flowering and fruiting stages of greenhouse strawberry in Cixi City from 2012 to 2020,with their occurrence frequency of a slightly declining trend,and their linear trend coefficient was-0.005;the average intensity of continuous cloudy and rainy days was 6.3,with their occurrence intensity of an increasing trend,and their linear trend coefficient was 0.0264.The most frequent continuous cloudy and rainy days took place in November while the least took place in April.November saw the most frequent continuous cloudy and rainy days that lasted for over 7 days,followed by January.In the low-temperature winter and spring,both kinds of mulching modes could effectively raise and maintain the shallow soil temperature at or above 10℃;the shallow soil temperature of the silver-blackfilm-treated group was lower than that of the black-film-treated group,and the average temperature of the former group was 0.4℃lower than that of the latter group;the total solar radiation of the silver-black-filmtreated group was 9.1 w/m2 higher in average than that of the black-film-treated group.In the early producing stage(from December to February),the average yield of strawberries treated with silver and black films was 3629.4 kg/hm^(2)while the average yield of strawberries treated with black film was 2951.1 kg/hm^(2),thus realizing an increase of 20%.Silver-black-fi

关 键 词：浙北地区 草莓 连阴雨寡照 银黑双色地膜 覆盖效果 花果期 产量 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]