巴黎时期马克思对费尔巴哈哲学立场的发展与批判——基于文本中解构自我异化线索的研究  

he development and criticism of Marx’s stance on Feuerbach’s philosophy during the Paris period:Research on the clues of deconstructing self-alienation in the text

作　　者：王道林 WANG Daolin(School of Marxism,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116000,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学马克思主义学院,辽宁大连116000

出　　处：《重庆邮电大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期118-126,共9页Journal of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：辽宁省哲学社会科学基金委资助辽宁省高校马克思主义学院重大研究方向:唯物史观三重实践基础的文本清理与解读。

摘　　要：巴黎时期的马克思虽仍处在“费尔巴哈的总问题”中,但对费尔巴哈哲学的态度却逐渐从坚定拥护转向隐晦批判。在《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》中,马克思在费尔巴哈的立场上,解构了“人的自我异化的神圣形象”,并且对费尔巴哈宗教人本学批判的理论成果进行了进一步发挥,指出宗教背后代表着一个“颠倒的世界”,明确了哲学接下来的任务是批判“非神圣形象下的自我异化”。在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中,马克思通过对“对象性活动”的阐发,揭开了“异化劳动”的秘密,提出了以“共产主义”解构“非神圣形象下的自我异化”的设想。同时,马克思在哲学上通过“对象性活动”的创设,隐晦地表达了费尔巴哈感性对象性立场上对黑格尔批判的“贫困”,重新肯定了黑格尔哲学中蕴含的“历史感”,用“对象性活动”的概念综合了费尔巴哈的感性对象性原则与德国古典哲学中“活动”的原则。Although Marx during the Paris period was still in the midst of the“general problem of Feuerbach”,his attitude towards Feuerbach’s philosophy gradually shifted from firm support to implicit criticism.In the Introduction to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Law,Marx deconstructed the“sacred image of human self-alienation”from Feuerbach’s perspective and further developed the theoretical achievements of Feuerbach’s humanistic criticism of religion,pointing out that religion represents a“reversed world”and clarifying that the next task of philosophy is to criticize“self-alienation under non-sacred images”.In the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844,Marx revealed the secret of“alienated labor”through his exposition of“objective activity”and proposed the idea of deconstructing“self-alienation under non-sacred images”with“communism”.At the same time,in philosophy,Marx subtly expressed Feuerbach’s critique of Hegel’s“poverty”from the perspective of sensory objectivity through the creation of“objective activity”,reaffirming the“sense of history”contained in Hegelian philosophy,and using the concept of“objective activity”to integrate Feuerbach’s principle of sensory objectivity with the principle of“activity”in German classical philosophy.

关 键 词：马克思 费尔巴哈 黑格尔 宗教 异化劳动 对象性活动 

分 类 号：B15[哲学宗教—世界哲学]