基于金属丝电爆炸的岩石爆破教学实验平台设计及应用  

Design and application of rock blasting teaching experimental platform based on metal wire electric explosion

作　　者：高继开 姜涵钧 王秀龙 张凤鹏[1] 彭建宇[1] GAO Jikai;JIANG Hanjun;WANG Xiuong;ZHANG Fengpeng;PENG Jianyu(Institute of Deep Engineering and Intelligent Technology,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学深部工程与智能技术研究院,辽宁沈阳110819

出　　处：《实验技术与管理》2024年第11期146-152,共7页Experimental Technology and Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52104119,52274114);东北大学研究生揭榜挂帅项目(01220021302007*006)。

摘　　要：由于化学炸药使用受限,高校缺少岩石爆破实验平台,无法开展相关教学实验。该文设计了基于金属丝脉冲电爆炸的岩石爆破教学实验平台,并使用超高速摄像和数字散斑技术精细化监测岩石爆破超动态过程。平台由高压脉冲发生系统、触发控制系统、安全接地系统与超动态应变场非接触监测系统组成。平台使用负载金属丝相变产生千兆帕量级的冲击波破碎岩石,通过改变负载端金属丝的几何形态可模拟球状药包和柱状药包爆破破岩试验;超高速摄像与数字散斑技术将岩石爆破超动态破坏过程可视化。与传统化学爆破试验相比,该实验平台操作简单、安全可靠且精准可控,有助于提升岩石爆破教学效果与学生科研创新能力。[Objective]The drilling and blasting method is a widely used technique in tunnel excavation and mining engineering.However,chemical blasting tests pose significant risks and are difficult to control.Owing to strict regulations,the use of explosives in universities is heavily restricted,leaving most universities in China without the ability to use chemical explosives to conduct mining blasting tests or offer related blasting teaching and experimental platforms.To address this issue and facilitate indoor rock blasting experimental teaching,a metal wire pulse electric blasting platform has been designed.[Methods]The platform consists of a high-voltage pulse generation system,a trigger control system,a safety grounding system,and a non-contact ultra-dynamic strain field monitoring system.The high-voltage pulse generation system injects powerful,fast pulse currents into metal wires,causing them to transition from solid to plasma and explode electrically through Joule heating.The resulting plasma channel generates shock waves at GPa levels.By adjusting the charging voltage,the energy for rock breaking can be precisely controlled.Different geometric shapes of metal wires simulate various charge structures.Straight metal wires mimic the structure of columnar drug packaging,while metal coiled wires like mosquito coils resemble the structure of spherical drug packaging.The trigger control system minimizes strong electromagnetic interference and accurately controls the discharge time of the energy storage capacitor.The safety grounding system adopts a dual method using an oil switch and grounding rod to ensure experimental safety.The ultra-dynamic strain field non-contact monitoring system consists of a high-speed camera and a digital speckle analysis component to accurately capture the entire process of rock strain field evolution.[Results]The platform has successfully simulated experiments with both columnar and spherical explosive charges.The results indicate that the blasting damage characteristics of rocks owing to met

关 键 词：岩石爆破 电爆炸 高速摄像 数字散斑 教学实验平台 

分 类 号：TD803[矿业工程—矿山开采]