基于声学信息的航空发动机压气机旋转失速空间特征实验研究  

Experimental study on spatial feature of rotating stall in aeroengine compressor based on acoustic information

作　　者：李行健 乔百杰 文璧 李镇东 刘元是 陈雪峰[1] LI Xingjian;QIAO Baijie;WEN Bi;LI Zhendong;LIU Yuanshi;CHEN Xuefeng(National Key Lab for Aero Power System and Plasma Technology,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Taihang Laboratory,Chengdu 610000,China;AECC Sichuan Gas Turbine Establishment,Mianyang 621000,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学航空动力系统与等离子体技术全国重点实验室,陕西西安710049 [2]太行实验室,四川成都610000 [3]中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院,四川绵阳621000

出　　处：《推进技术》2024年第11期228-238,共11页Journal of Propulsion Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52075414,52305127)。

摘　　要：航空发动机压气机旋转失速是一种严重的气动失稳现象,目前的研究以采用侵入式压力传感器测得信号进行时频分析为主,而对其空间特征的研究不足。本文开展某型发动机3.5级压气机逼喘试验,在进气口机匣周向均匀布置32个声阵列传感器,在9800 r/min的转速下匀速关闭节流阀,对逼喘过程中的声信号进行测量。采用频谱分析、互功率谱和短时傅里叶变换方法,对旋转失速及其先兆特征进行辨识。结果表明:压气机在进入旋转失速前存在7.73EO和8.48EO(EO为转频)的非同步压力脉动,其周向传播速度大于转速;在旋转失速发生前65转时出现了模态波先兆,其空间特征表现为一个低压区域以0.67倍转速沿着周向稳定传播;旋转失速发生后,失速气团以0.45倍转速沿着周向传播,模态波的空间特征与失速气团的空间特征相同,均占据了一半的叶片通道。通过对旋转失速先兆的监测可以实现失速气团特征的预测。Rotating stall in aero-engine compressor is a serious aerodynamic instability phenomenon,the current research is mainly based on the time-frequency analysis of the signal measured by intrusive pressure sen⁃sors,and its spatial characteristics are not sufficiently studied.In this paper,a forced surge experiment on a real⁃istic aero-engine compressor with 3.5 stages was conducted by closing the throttle valve at a uniform speed in 9800 r/min,32 acoustic array sensors were arranged uniformly around the circumference of the inlet casing,and the acoustic signals during the experiment were measured.Frequency spectrum analysis,cross power spectral density and short-time Fourier transform methods are used to identify rotating stall and its precursor features.The results show that there are non-synchronous pressure pulsation at frequencies of 7.73EO and 8.48EO(EO is rota⁃tional frequency)before the rotating stall,and its circumferential propagation speed is greater than the rotational speed.A modal wave precursor occurs at 65 rotations before the rotating stall,which was spatially characterized by a low-pressure region propagating steadily in the circumferential direction at a speed of 0.67 times the rotation⁃al speed.After the onset of the rotating stall,the stalled air mass propagated in the circumferential direction at a speed of 0.45 times the rotational speed,and the spatial characteristic of the modal wave is the same as the stalled air mass,which both occupy half of the blade channel.By monitoring the rotating stall precursors,the pre⁃diction of the characteristics of the stalled air mass can be realized.

关 键 词：压气机 旋转失速 非同步压力脉动 模态波先兆 声阵列 相位分析 

分 类 号：V231.92[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]