三峡水库运行对荆江三口径流及生态效应的影响  

Impact of Three Gorges Reservoir Operation on Ecological Flow and Ecological Effects of Three Outlets of Jingjiang River

作　　者：曹艳敏 王崇宇 黎小东 裴烜铭 杨怡 冯萱 CAO Yan-min;WANG Chong-yu;LI Xiao-dong;PEI Xuan-ming;YANG Yi;FENG Xuan(College of Civil Engineering,Hunan City University,Yiyang 413000,China;Hunan Water Planning&Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410008,China;Hunan Water Resources and Hydropower,Design,Planning and Research Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410005,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南城市学院土木工程学院,湖南益阳413000 [2]湖南省水务规划设计院有限公司,长沙410008 [3]湖南省水利水电勘测设计规划研究总院有限公司,长沙410035

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2024年第11期23-31,共9页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目(2021JJ40026);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(21C0651);益阳市哲学社会科学重大课题(2022YS011);2023年度湖南省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202311527029)。

摘　　要：为评价三峡水库运行过程对荆江三口生态径流及生态效应的影响,以荆江三口5个主要水文控制站新江口、沙道观、弥陀寺、康家岗和管家铺1988-2020年逐日流量数据为基础,通过流量历时曲线(FDC)计算生态剩余和生态赤字指标,并计算整体水文变异度D 0,以此评价荆江三口生态径流和水文变化特征。研究结果表明:①三峡水库运行后,荆江三口汇入洞庭湖流量中松滋口占比持续提升,藕池口、太平口占比持续下降;全年和汛期流量藕池口和太平口下降趋势显著;枯水期,松滋口流量增至三峡水库运行前的2.5倍。②康家岗站平均断流天数比三峡水库运行前增加30.88 d,呈增加趋势,弥陀寺减少21.62 d,呈减少趋势。③三峡水库运行后FDC曲线整体下降,尤其上部下降明显,高流量量级和次数大幅度降低;除松滋口的新江口站FDC低流量区域超过三峡水库运行前,其他站高流量和低流量无法完全覆盖三峡水库运行前高、低流量出现区域。④由于藕池口汇入洞庭湖流量中康家岗占比持续减少,管家铺占比持续增长,2003-2020年康家岗站和管家铺站持续发生生态赤字和生态剩余。⑤三峡水库蓄水试运行(2003-2008年)和三峡水库试运行后(2009-2020年)松滋口的新江口站改变度分别达到66.68%和72.46%,为高度改变,其余控制站为中度改变。三峡水库运行导致荆江三口部分地区长期出现生态赤字或生态剩余,不利于河流生态系统,建议流域管理者加强对同一口不同分支分流比的监控,并开展相应生态影响治理工作。In order to analyze the impact characteristics of the Three Gorges Reservoir operation process on the ecological flow and ecological effects of three outlets of the Jingjiang River,we use daily flow data of Xinjiangkou,Shadaoguan,Mituo Temple,Kangjiagang,and Guanjiapu,which are the main five hydrological control stations in the three outlets of the Jingjiang River,from 1988 to 2020.The changes in ecological surplus and ecological deficit indicators are calculated using the flow duration curve(FDC),and the overall hydrological variability D 0 is calculated to evaluate the ecological runoff and hydrological change characteristics of the three outlets of the Jingjiang River.The research results indicate that:(1)after the operation of the Three Gorges,the proportion of Songzi in the flow of Jingjiang River flowing into Dongting Lake continues to increase,while the proportion of Ouchi and Taiping continues to decrease;the annual and flood season flow rates at Ouchi and Taiping show a significant downward trend;during the dry season,the flow rate at Songzi increases by 2.5 times compared to its natural state.(2)The average number of days of zero flow at Kangjiagang Station has increased by 30.88 days,showing an increasing trend,while at Mituo,it has decreased by 21.62 days,showing a decreasing trend.(3)After the operation of the Three Gorges,the overall FDC curve decreased,especially in the upper part,with a significant decrease in the magnitude and frequency of high flow rates;except for the low flow area of FDC at Xinjiangkou Station in Songzikou which exceeds the area before the operation of the Three Gorges,other stations with high and low flow cannot fully cover the areas where high and low flow occurred before the operation of the Three Gorges.(4)Due to the continuous decrease in the proportion of Kangjiagang and Guanjiapu in the flow from Ouchi to Dongting Lake,and the continuous increase in the proportion of Guanjiapu,the Kangjiagang and Guanjiapu stations continued to experience ecological deficits and surplus

关 键 词：生态剩余 生态赤字 变动范围法(RVA) 水文改变度 三峡水库运行 荆江三口 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]