云冈石窟第10窟风化砂岩原位无损检测与评估  

Nondestructive In-Situ Testing and Evaluation of the Weathered Sandstone in Cave 10 of the Yungang Grottoes

作　　者：张悦[1,2] 陈浩宇[1] 洪杰 张若愚 程远 闫宏彬 黄继忠 ZHANG Yue;CHEN Haoyu;HONG Jie;ZHANG Ruoyu;CHENG Yuan;YAN Hongbin;HUANG Jizhong(School of Cultural Heritage and Information Management,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China;Key Laboratory of Silicate Cultural Relics Conservation(Shanghai University),Ministry of Education,Shanghai 200444,China;School of Mechanics and Engineering Science,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China;Yungang Academy,Datong 037007,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学文化遗产与信息管理学院,上海200444 [2]硅酸盐质文物保护教育部重点实验室(上海大学),上海200444 [3]上海大学力学与工程科学学院,上海200444 [4]云冈研究院,山西大同037007

出　　处：《石窟与土遗址保护研究》2024年第3期32-44,共13页Research On The Conservation Of Cave Temples And Earthen Sites

基　　金：山西省科技重大专项计划“揭榜挂帅”项目(202201150501024);中国-葡萄牙文化遗产保护科学“一带一路”联合实验室资助项目(SDYY2301);山西省文物科研课题重点项目(2024KT19)。

摘　　要：云冈石窟是我国砂岩质石窟寺的典型代表之一,价值珍贵,但多种风化病害发育对其长久保存造成威胁。为科学评估石窟砂岩风化程度,综合采用超声波技术和X射线荧光技术对第10窟的2个壁面开展原位无损检测,获取超声波速及主要化学元素含量分布规律。结果表明:前室西壁的超声波速随高度发生变化,靠近地面区域波速值最低;诵经道北壁超声波速显著小于前室西壁,且S、Ca元素含量极低;波速比和化学指数均可定量评估砂岩风化程度,两者结果吻合较好;壁面的差异风化现象与其赋存环境因素密切相关。研究成果为砂岩质石窟文物劣化机理分析以及无损检测技术应用提供了理论和实践指导。As one of the representative sandstone cave temples in China,the Yungang Grottoes site is of great historical value.However,the development of various types of weathering deterioration now threatens the long-term preservation of the grottoes.In order to scientifically evaluate the degree of damage sustained by the sandstone in the caves,this study utilized ultrasonic and X-ray fluorescence technology to carry out comprehensive,nondestructive in-situ testing on two walls in Cave 10,in order to obtain data on the distribution of the ultrasonic wave velocity and the main chemical elements content of the two walls.The results show that the ultrasonic wave velocity of the west wall in the antechamber varies with height,and that the lowest wave velocity value is found nearer to the ground.As for the north wall of the"corridor for chanting scriptures"inside the cave,its ultrasonic wave velocity was significantly lower than that of the west wall in the antechamber.In addition,the contents of sulfur and calcium in this wall were found to be extremely low.The wave velocity ratio and chemical index analysis,the results of which are consistent with one another,both quantitatively reflect the degree of weathering of the sandstone.Differential weathering such as powdering,cracking and efflorescence is a clear sign of the environmental factors that the walls are exposed to.The results of this study have provided theoretical and practical information that will prove useful for analyzing the deterioration mechanism affecting sandstone cultural relics,and for further application of nondestructive testing technology.

关 键 词：云冈石窟 现场检测 超声波速 化学元素 风化病害 文物保护 

分 类 号：K879.22[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]