旅游高峰期游客活动对麦积山石窟及其栈道的振动影响  

The Vibration Effects of Peak Tourist Activities on the Maijishan Grottoes and the Plank Roads at the Site

作　　者：卢育霞[1,2] 石玉成[1] 岳永强 刘琨[1,2] 池佩红 何小龙 LU Yuxia;SHI Yucheng;YUE Yongqiang;LIU Kun;CHI Peihong;HE Xiaolong(Lanzhou Institute of Seismology,China Earthquake Administration,Lanzhou 730000,China;Key Laboratory of Loess Earthquake Engineering,China Earthquake Administration,Lanzhou 730000,China;Majishan Grottoes Art Research Institute,Dunhuang Academy,Tianshui 741020,China;Colle ge of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地震局兰州地震研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国地震局黄土地震工程重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]敦煌研究院麦积山石窟艺术研究所,甘肃天水741020 [4]兰州大学资源环境学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《石窟与土遗址保护研究》2024年第3期102-112,共11页Research On The Conservation Of Cave Temples And Earthen Sites

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金项目(U22A20599);2024陇原青年创新创业人才(团队项目)。

摘　　要：环境振动监测是麦积山石窟文物保护与利用的重要基础工作。为评价游客密集活动对麦积山石窟及其栈道的振动影响,采用振动测试仪在麦积山石窟不同位置开展环境振动监测,分析旅游高峰期麦积山石窟及其栈道的环境振动特征。数据分析表明:洞窟内部平均振动速度幅值介于0.00028—0.00193 mm·s^(-1),最大值多出现在NS向;悬空栈道对游客活动产生的振动非常敏感,以UD振动最为显著,测试最大振动幅值达7.77058 mm·s^(-1),平均有效值为0.79262 mm·s^(-1),该值是在游客密集通过的第191窟斜梯挑梁上测得;麦积山石窟岩体振动基频60 Hz—80 Hz,测试栈道挑梁基频11 Hz—15 Hz。依据《古建筑防工业振动技术规范》(GB/T50452-2008),游客活动引起的振动对洞窟的影响处于容许振动(≤0.17 mm·s^(-1))的安全范围内,但游客排队通行导致的持续动态加载使栈道挑梁因共振而造成结构振动放大,长期超限振动会对栈道造成累积疲劳损伤,影响栈道的安全性。本次振动测试结果可为麦积山石窟的保护及其附属栈道的检测、评估、维修、加固等后续工作提供基础数据。Environmental vibration monitoring is an important safety measure for the conservation and display of the Maijishan Grottoes.In order to evaluate the vibration effects of intensive tourist activities on the Maijishan grottoes and the plank roads,vibration monitoring devices have been used to carry out environmental vibration testing at different locations throughout the grottoes during the peak tourist season.An analysis of the monitoring data has provided the following information:(1)the average vibration velocity amplitude inside the caves ranges between 0.00028-0.00193 mm·s^(-1),while the maximum values mostly appear in the NS direction;(2)the hanging plank roads at the grottoes are very sensitive to the vibrations generated by tourist activities,UD vibrations are the most significant,of which the maximum vibration amplitude detected was 7.77058 mm·s,while the average RMS value,as determined from data collected at the cantilever beam of the inclined ladder to Cave 191 when there is a dense flow of visitors,was 0.79262 mm·s^(-1);(3)the fundamental frequency of rock mass vibrations was between 60-80 Hz,while the frequencies detected at the plank roads were between 11-15 Hz.According to the Technical Specifications for the Protection of Historic Buildings against Human-Made Vibrations(CB/T 50452-2008),the effect of vibrations caused by tourist activities on the caves is within the safe range of allowable disturbance(≤0.17 mm·s^(-1)).However,the continuous dynamic loading created by tourists as they pass through queues and over the beams of plank roads significantly amplifies structural vibration due to resonance effects.It is therefore predicted that long-term over-crowding may cause cumulative fatigue damage to the plank roads and even affect their structural integrity.The results of these vibration monitoring tests can provide basic data for the conservation of the Maijishan Grottoes,as well as for the subsequent work of inspection,evaluation,repair and reinforcement of the plank roads at the site.

关 键 词：麦积山石窟 振动测试 游客活动 栈道 悬臂梁 

分 类 号：P315.8[天文地球—地震学] K879.2[天文地球—固体地球物理学]