先验知识和噪声对建筑施工事故隐患识别的影响研究  

The Effect of Prior Knowledge and Noise on the Identification of Accident Hazards in Construction

作　　者：郑艳芳[1] 易灿南[1] 刘美英[1] 向露 冷成杰 ZHENG Yanfang;YI Cannan;LIU Meiying;XIANG Lu;LENG Chengjie(School of Safety&Management Engineering,Hunan Institute of Technology,Hengyang Hunan 421102,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南工学院安全与管理工程学院,湖南衡阳421102

出　　处：《安全》2024年第11期68-73,共6页Safety & Security

基　　金：湖南省教育厅一般科研项目(22C0612);衡阳市社科联项目(2022D013);省级学科平台开放项目(KFB22025);国家级大学生创新训练项目(S202311528022);湖南省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202211528067)。

摘　　要：为提高建筑施工安全教育培训及管理水平,运用实验法、问卷调查和统计学方法探究不同先验知识(先验组、非先验组)、噪声(55 dB低噪声、95 dB高噪声)对建筑施工事故隐患识别的影响。结果表明:5类建筑施工事故隐患识别难度主观评价差异显著,物体打击事故隐患识别难度最高,高处坠落事故隐患识别难度最低,不同噪声水平下,噪声烦恼度差异显著,高噪声组大于低噪声组;5类建筑施工事故隐患识别率差异显著,坍塌和高处坠落事故隐患识别率较高,物体打击和触电事故隐患识别率较低;高处坠落和机械伤害事故隐患识别率先验组显著高于非先验组,高处坠落事故隐患识别率高噪声组显著高于低噪声组。研究结果可为新员工和复岗员工安全教育培训提供借鉴。In order to improve the level of safety education,training and management in construction,experimental,questionnaire and statistical methods were used to investigate the effects of different prior knowledge(priori group,non-priori group)and noise(55 dB low-noise,95 dB high-noise)on the identification of accident hazards in construction.The results showed that there were significant differences in the difficulty of identifying five types of accident hazards in construction.Object strike was the most difficult to identify,and fall from height was the least difficult to identify.The difference of noise annoyance degree was significant,and noise annoyance degree of the high-noise group was greater than that of the low-noise group.There were significant differences in the identification accuracy of five types of accident hazards in construction,with higher accuracy for collapse and fall from height,and lower accuracy for object strike and electric shock.The priori group demonstrated significantly higher identification accuracy for fall from height and mechanical injury accident hazards than the non-priori group.The high-noise group demonstrated significantly higher identification accuracy for fall from height accident hazards compared to the low-noise group.The results of the study can provide reference for safety education and training for new and returning employees.

关 键 词：建筑施工安全 事故隐患识别 先验知识 噪声 

分 类 号：X947[环境科学与工程—安全科学]