论数据要素的法律性质  

On the Legal Nature of Data Elements

作　　者：黄卫东 Huang Weidong(Department of Law,Sichuan Police College,Luzhou 646000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川警察学院法学系,四川泸州646000

出　　处：《征信》2024年第11期31-40,共10页Credit Reference

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(20JZD021);西南政法大学2022年度学生科研创新项目(2022XZXS-018)。

摘　　要：厘清数据要素的法律性质是发展完善数据基础制度的应有之义,对推动我国数字经济平稳发展具有重要意义。学界对数据法律属性的探讨主要形成了财产属性说、知识产权属性说、人格属性说、混合属性说、法益说、非权利客体说等观点。这些观点虽具有一定合理性,但仍存在解释缺憾,难以周延。传统的财产权客体理论无法完全解释数据要素这一新兴事物,结合数据要素自身的特点,宜将数据要素纳入“公物”范畴考量,且作为“公物”的数据要素还应当是一种公共财产,是数据财产权指向的客体。Clarifying the legal nature of data elements is essential for the development and refinement of foundational data systems,which is crucial for the steady advancement of China’s digital economy.Academic discussions on the legal attributes of data have primarily led to the formation of various perspectives,including the property attribute theory,intellectual property attribute theory,personality attribute theory,mixed attribute theory,legal interest theory,and the non-right object theory.While these viewpoints hold some merit,they also exhibit certain explanatory shortcomings and are not entirely comprehensive.The traditional theory of property rights objects fails to fully account for the emerging phenomenon of data elements.Considering the unique characteristics of data elements themselves,it is advisable to categorize data elements under the concept of“public goods”,and as“public goods”,they should also be recognized as a form of public property,constituting the object of data property rights.

关 键 词：数据要素 数据属性 “公物” 权利客体 数据财产权 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学] F832.4[政治法律—法学]