柴油机多分支轴系动力学效应下正时齿轮断齿故障机理研究  

Mechanism of timing gear tooth breaking fault under the dynamic effect of multi-branch shafting of diesel engine

作　　者：孙文 史修江 陈亚辉 李仁泽 刘翮 SUN Wen;SHI Xiu-jiang;CHEN Ya-hui;LI Ren-ze;LIU Rong(College of Power and Energy Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China;Wuxi Branch of China State Shipbuilding Corporation Ltd.703 Research Institute,Wuxi 214151,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学动力与能源工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [2]中国船舶重工集团公司第七〇三研究所无锡分部,江苏无锡214151

出　　处：《振动工程学报》2024年第11期1969-1979,共11页Journal of Vibration Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51905118)。

摘　　要：本文以某型国产船用20V柴油机正时传动齿轮为研究对象,针对其频发的断齿故障问题,考虑各类型内外综合激励影响,对柴油机多分支齿轮传动轴系进行集总参数化弯扭耦合动力学建模,基于Newmark逐步积分法进行强迫振动响应预测,并结合实机测试数据验证模型的准确性。考虑动载荷影响对传统齿根弯曲应力载荷谱进行修正,并对故障齿轮进行了强度疲劳校核。研究表明,柴油机供油凸轮端从动正时齿轮处的响应能量峰值达到飞轮端响应能量峰值的5.2倍,说明从动正时齿轮处转速波动过大,扭振特性恶劣,此时齿根弯曲疲劳安全系数仅为1.35,处于一般可靠度范围,极易发生断齿故障。基于工程实践经验,对故障齿轮传动系统提出振动优化设计方案,提升故障齿轮的弯曲疲劳安全系数至1.61,以确保轴系安全稳定运行。研究结果从动力学角度揭示了正时齿轮断齿故障机理规律,为齿根弯曲应力精确预测与性能优化方向提供一定的理论指导,为柴油机正时齿轮轴系的振动响应分析与减振降噪提供理论支撑。In this paper,the timing transmission gear of a certain type of domestic marine 20V diesel engine is taken as the research object.Aiming at solving the problem of frequent broken teeth fault,considering the influence of various types of internal and external comprehensive excitation,the lumped parametric bending-torsion coupling dynamic model of multi-branch gear transmission shaft system of diesel engine is established.Based on Newmark step-by-step integration method,the forced vibration response is predicted,and the accuracy of the model is verified by the actual test data.Considering the influence of dynamic load,the traditional tooth root bending stress load spectrum is modified,and the strength fatigue check of the faulty gear is carried out.The results show that the peak value of the response energy at the driven timing gear of the fuel supply cam end of the diesel engine is 5.2 times that of the peak value of the response energy at the flywheel end,which indicates that the speed fluctuation at the driven gear of the timing gear is too large and the torsional vibration characteristics are poor.At this time,the bending fatigue safety factor of the tooth root is only 1.35,which is in the general reliability range and is prone to tooth breakage.Based on the engineering practice experience,the vibration optimization design scheme of the fault gear transmission system is proposed to improve the bending fatigue safety factor of the fault gear by 1.61 to ensure the safe and stable operation of the shafting.The research results reveal the mechanism of timing gear tooth breaking fault from the perspective of dynamics,provide some theoretical guidance for accurate prediction of tooth root bending stress and performance optimization,and provide theoretical support for vibration response analysis and vibration and noise reduction of diesel engine timing gear shaft system.

关 键 词：故障诊断 齿轮断齿故障 船舶柴油机 齿根弯曲应力 

分 类 号：TH165.3[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH132.41