油菜作绿肥还田利于水稻生长和产量提高  

Rapeseed Planting as Green Manure Improving Rice Growth and Production

作　　者：朱吉风 蒋美艳[1] 曹黎明[1] 张明 周德平[1] 费全凤 焦金囡 周熙荣[1] 王伟荣[1] Zhu Jifeng;Jiang Meiyan;Cao Liming;Zhang Ming;Zhou Deping;Fei Quanfeng;Jiao Jinnan;Zhou Xirong;Wang Weirong(Ari-food Storage and Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Shanghai,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai,201403;Farmer's Training Center of Science and Technology,Fengxian District,Shanghai,201400;Jinshan District Agro-Technology Extension Center,Shanghai,201599;Jinshan District Agro-Science and Technology Educational Information Center,Shanghai,201599)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院,上海农产品保鲜加工工程技术研究中心,上海201403 [2]奉贤区农民科技教育培训中心,上海201400 [3]上海金山区农业技术推广中心,上海201599 [4]上海市金山区农业科技教育信息中心,上海201599

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2024年第22期7501-7506,共6页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：上海市科技兴农项目(沪农科推字[2021]第2-19号)资助。

摘　　要：为明确油菜作绿肥还田对后茬稻田土壤理化性质、后茬水稻生长和产量的影响,本研究采用田间试验,以水稻品种‘青香软粳’为试验材料,探索油菜品种‘沪油21’作绿肥还田的土壤培肥效应以及对供试水稻生长和产量的影响。结果表明:油菜‘沪油21’作绿肥还田后,土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的含量均高于无绿肥还田(CK),水稻株高和叶绿素含量增加,且20%化肥减量对供试水稻株高和叶绿素含量影响较小。供试水稻的产量及其产量构成因子穗粒数、有效穗数随油菜还田量的增加均呈增加趋势,而千粒重呈递减趋势,但差异均未达显著性水平。此外,当油菜还田量达22 500 kg/hm~2时,供试水稻增产效果明显,且在该还田量下减施20%的化肥仍可有效增加水稻产量。In order to understand the effects of rapeseed planting as green manure on the growth and yield of rice cultivar 'Qing xiang ruan geng', a rapeseed cultivar 'Huyou21' were used as green manure returning to field at flowering stage. The results showed that the available N, P and K content in soil were higher than those of CK, and the rice plant height and chlorophyll content increased under the treatment of rapeseed returning as green fertilizer,and also increased under 20% fertilizer reduction after rapeseed returning to field. With the amount of rapeseed returning increased, the rice yield and the yield-component traits including grains per panicle and productive panicles number increased, while the 1 000-grain weight deceased, but there was no statistical difference. In addition, when the rapeseed returning amount was 22 500 kg/hm2, the rice yield was increased significantly, and also increased under that condition with 20% fertilizer reduction.

关 键 词：水稻 油菜还田 产量 生长 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S142