不同产地降香黄檀家系幼苗期性状变异及早期选择  

Variation in Seedling Stage Traits of Dalbergia odorifera from Different Origins and Early Selection of Excellent Family

作　　者：陈彧 董晓娜 饶丹丹 韩豫 陈飞飞 李敦禧 Chen Yu;Dong Xiaona;Rao Dandan;Han Yu;Chen Feifei;Li Dunxi(Hainan Academy of Mangrove,Hainan Academy of Forestry,Haikou,571100)

机构地区：[1]海南省林业科学研究院(海南省红树林研究院),海口571100

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2024年第22期7525-7534,共10页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：海南省重大科技计划项目(ZDKJ2021031)资助。

摘　　要：降香黄檀(Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen)是蝶形花科(Papilionaceae)黄檀属(Dalbergia)落叶乔木,海南省特有珍贵红木树种,为了探究海南不同产地降香黄檀苗期生长差异,以海口市、五指山市、东方市、乐东黎族自治县、昌江黎族自治县、临高县、澄迈县7个海南不同产地降香黄檀的85个家系为研究对象,开展种子性状及子代苗期苗高、地径生长性状差异比较分析,并进行优良家系早期选择。结果表明:降香黄檀不同产地种源幼苗的生长节律基本一致,但种子千粒重、发芽率及苗木苗高、地径等性状存在显著差异,各性状变异系数幅度在3.73%~10.91%间;相关性显示苗高与地径生长相关系数最高为0.608,达到极显著相关;苗高与海拔呈负相关,苗高增长与产地降雨量、年平均气温呈正相关,地径生长与降雨量、海拔呈正相关,与年平均温度呈现负相关,种子千粒重与苗高、地径、发芽率、年降雨量之间呈极显著正相关;基于降香黄檀家系苗期苗高、地径等主要性状的遗传力估算结果,初步选出的17个具有明显的生长优势优良家系,苗高平均遗传增益为10.90%,地径平均遗传增益为2.80%。本研究结果可为海南地区降香黄檀优良种质资源筛选及良种选育提供参考依据。Dalbergia odorifera belongs to the family of Papilionaceae and the genus Dalbergia. It is a deciduous tree and a rare, endemic redwood species in Hainan province. In order to study the difference of seedling growth of Dalbergia odorifera from different origins in Hainan, 85 families of Dalbergia odorifera from seven different origins in Haikou, Wuzhishan, Dongfang, Ledong, Changjiang, Lingao and Chengmai County were studied. The differences of seed traits and seedling height and ground diameter growth traits among 85 families were compared and analyzed, and the excellent families were selected at early stage. The results showed that the seedling growth rhythm of Dalbergia odorifera from different provenances was essentially consistent, but there were significant differences in thousand-grain weight, germination rate, seedling height and diameter, with variation coefficients ranging from 3.73% to 10.91%. The highest correlation coefficient between height and diameter was 0.608, which the height was negatively correlated with altitude, and the height was positively correlated with rainfall and annual mean temperature, the diameter growth was positively correlated with rainfall and altitude and negatively correlated with annual mean temperature and thousand-grain weight was exhibited a highly significant positive correlation with seedling height, diameter, germination rate and annual rainfall. Based on the estimation of heritability of seedling height and ground diameter of Dalbergia odorifera families, 17 families were selected with the average genetic efficiency of height and diameter was 10.90% and 2.80%, respectively. The results of this study can provide a reference for the selection of fine germplasm resources and improved varieties of Dalbergia odorifera in Hainan province.

关 键 词：降香黄檀 幼苗性状 变异 优良家系 早期选择 

分 类 号：S792.28[农业科学—林木遗传育种]