优化营商环境何以助力居民创业:来自中国家庭追踪调查数据的经验证据  

How Optimizing Business Environment Helps Residents Start Business:Based on Empirical Evidence from CFPS Data

作　　者：刘健 刘曦萌 LIU Jian;LIU Ximeng(School of Economics,Anhui University of Finance and Economics,Bengbu 233000,China;School of Economics and Management,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽财经大学经济学院,安徽蚌埠233000 [2]内蒙古大学经济管理学院,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《山东财经大学学报》2024年第6期31-42,共12页Journal of Shandong University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：安徽省哲学规划基金项目“习近平总书记关于营商环境重要论述及其原创性贡献研究”(AHSKY2022D087)。

摘　　要：优化营商环境激活市场主体创业活力,转换经济发展动能,助力中国式现代化建设的重要制度创新。明晰营商环境建设对居民创业的影响效应与机制路径,已成为学界与政界关注的焦点。基于交易成本理论,使用CFPS数据库和CSS数据库等,研究优化营商环境对居民创业的影响效应与交易成本机制,研究发现:优化营商环境显著促进居民创业,该结论通过一系列稳健性检验和因果识别检验。机制分析表明,优化营商环境通过显著降低制度型交易成本与市场型交易成本,激励居民创业。异质性检验表明,优化营商环境对居民创业影响存在区域、城市、家庭和户籍的异质性。扩展性分析发现,东北地区仍是优化营商环境促进居民创业的“洼地”;优化营商环境有助于促进居民可持续创业。因此,政府部门应深化营商环境改革,以激活居民创业活力;兼顾降低制度型交易费用和市场型交易费用;因地制宜、因事制宜优化营商环境。另外,中央政府应统筹推进营商环境建设,缩小地区营商环境建设差异性。Optimizing the business environment to activate market subjects’entrepreneurial vitality and transforming the driving force of economic development are important institutional innovations to promote of Chinese modernization.Clarifying the impact effect and mechanism pathway of business environment construction on resident entrepreneurship has become a focus of attention in academic and political circles.Based on transaction cost theory,this study investigates the impact effect and transaction cost mechanism of optimizing business environment on resident entrepreneurship by using CFPS database and CSS database.It is found that:a.Optimizing business environment significantly promotes resident entrepreneurship,and this conclusion is verified through a series of robustness tests and causal identification tests;b.Mechanism analysis shows that optimizing business environment motivates residents to start businesses by significantly reducing institutional transaction cost and market-oriented transaction cost;c.The heterogeneity test indicates that the impact of optimizing business environment on resident entrepreneurship is heterogeneous in region,city,family and registered residence;and d.Scalability analysis found that the Northeast region is still a“depression”in optimizing business environment to promote resident entrepreneurship,and optimizing business environment helps promote sustainable resident entrepreneurship.These findings provide important theoretical support for continuously promoting business environment optimization deeply,reducing institutional transaction cost and market-oriented transaction cost faced by entrepreneurship,and activating resident entrepreneurial vitality,and also provide policy implications for government departments to accelerate the transformation of government functions and build a first-class business environment.

关 键 词：营商环境 居民创业 制度型交易成本 市场型交易成本 

分 类 号：F091.349[经济管理—政治经济学]