跟跑并行领跑依然是科技自立自强的必由之路——“从0到1”需要慎思慎行  

Following,Paralleling,and Overtaking are Still the Essential Paths for Scientific and Technological Self-Reliance:Re-Examining the Radical Innovation Going from“0 to 1”

作　　者：安维复 陈敏 AN Weifu;CHEN Min

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学马克思主义学院,上海200240 [2]湖南师范大学马克思主义学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第11期57-68,共12页Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学重大项目“西方科学思想多语种经典文献编目与研究”(014ZDB019)。

摘　　要：“从0到1”的原始创新值得追求但需要慎思慎行,“从1到100”的渐进式创新可能同样重要甚至更重要,公众不加限定地强调“从0到1”的原始创新可能误导政策思维或干扰研发活动。本文所要理证的是,让公众正确处理渐进式创新与原始创新的辩证关系,公共科技政策设计应以渐进式创新为主体、以原始创新为愿景。简言之,跟跑并行领跑依然是科技自立自强的必由之路。历史一再证明,人类技术史就是一部自我进化的技术改进史,所谓科技革命不过是幅度较大的技术改进,即使像瓦特这样的工业革命巨匠也只是改进而不是发明蒸汽机,而最先发明的蒸汽机不过是一个玩具!我国目前领先的盾构机就是渐进式创新成功案例。跟踪、模仿、不断改进等长期积累可能与打赢关键核心技术攻坚战同样重要。原始型创新与改进型创新可能只有程度上的不同;有时,改进即为原创。依本文推之,原始型创新与改进型创新的差别并不重要,重要的是建构中国自主知识体系特别是独立自主的工业体系。一言以蔽之,颠覆型创新与渐进型创新同样重要,技术创新与技术创新的哲学反思同样重要。Radical innovation that goes from“0 to 1”is worth pursuing,but it requires careful thought and action.Incremental innovation,going from“1 to 100”,may be equally or even more important.An unrestricted emphasis on radical innovation by the public can mislead policy thinking or disrupt research and development activities.This paper aims to demonstrate that the public should correctly handle the dialectical relationship between incremental and radical innovation,advocating for public science and technology policy design that prioritizes incremental innovation while keeping original innovation as a vision.In short,the path of following,paralleling,and overtaking remains essential for achieving technological independence and strength.History repeatedly shows that the history of human technology is essentially a history of self-evolution and technological improvement.So-called technological revolutions are merely significant advancements in technology.Even Industrial Revolution giants like Watt improved rather than invented the steam engine which was first invented as a toy!The currently leading shield tunneling machine in China is a successful case of incremental innovation.Long-term accumulation through tracking,imitation,and continuous improvement can be just as important as winning the critical battle for core technologies.Radical innovation and improvement may differ only in degree.Sometimes,improvement itself is a form of originality.According to this paper,the distinction between radical innovation and incremental innovation is not important.What matter is the construction of an independent Chinese knowledge system.In short,both radical and incremental innovations are equally important,as are reflections on technological innovation and the philosophy of technological innovation.

关 键 词：创新规律 科技自立自强 创新分类 渐进型创新 

分 类 号：G322[文化科学]