涉存款犯罪定性规则研究  

On the Qualitative Rules for Deposit-related Crimes

作　　者：周铭川[1] ZHOU Mingchuan

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院,上海200030

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第11期102-119,共18页Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：传统刑法用存款占有理论解释涉存款犯罪的定性问题,认为存款人已经丧失对存款的占有权和所有权,仅享有请求银行支付存款本息的债权。这种理论既违背社会观念,又误将债权当成占有权,使得财产犯罪认定重心从侵犯所有权转换到侵犯占有。实际上,货币是广义物的价值表征,存款是存款人将相应价值出租给银行但保留所有权的行为,存款账户中的记录则是对价值金额的记账记录而不是种类物,不能适用“占有即所有”理论来确定价值的所有权人,必须分开考虑价值与价值载体。在解决侵占存款、错误汇款、挂失取款、秘密转账等涉存款犯罪的定性问题时,应从整体上实质性地把握行为是否侵犯所有权以及以何种手段侵犯谁的所有权等问题。The traditional criminal law uses the deposit possession theory to explain the qualitative problems of deposit-related crimes,most of them are premised on the theory that the depositor only possesses the creditor s rights.These theories not only violates social concepts but also mistakes creditor s rights as possession and mistakenly shifts the focus of criminal determination from infringement of ownership to infringement of possession.In fact,money is a representation of value while deposit is that the depositor leases the value to the bank but retains the ownership.The record in the deposit account is a record of the value which is a type of credit information rather than a type of object,so it shouldn t determine the owner of the value by applying the theory of“possession is all”of the money carrier,and we must consider the value and the value carrier separately.In solving the qualitative problems of deposit-related crimes such as embezzlement of deposits,wrong remittance,loss of withdrawal,secret transfer,etc.,we should substantially consider whether the behavior violates the ownership of value and by what means infringes on the ownership of the others.

关 键 词：涉存款犯罪 事实上占有 侵占罪 价值所有权 错误汇款 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]