不同剩余采食量快大型肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能和内脏器官的比较研究  

Comparative Study on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Internal Organs of Fast-Growing Meat Ducks with Different Residual Feed Intake

作　　者：刘宏祥[1,2] 张雪萍 王震 邹可欣 王逸飞 宋卫涛 朱春红[1] 陶志云[1] 王志成[1] 徐文娟 顾昊天[1] 李慧芳 章双杰[1] LIU Hongxiang;ZHANG Xueping;WANG Zhen;ZOU Kexin;WANG Yifei;SONG Weitao;ZHU Chunhong;TAO Zhiyun;WANG Zhicheng;XU Wenjuan;GU Haotian;LI Huifang;ZHANG Shuangjie(Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences,Yangzhou 225125,China;Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225005,China;Shandong Hekangyuan Group Co.,Ltd.,Ji’nan 250101,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省家禽科学研究所,扬州225125 [2]南京农业大学,南京210095 [3]扬州大学,扬州225005 [4]山东和康源生物育种股份有限公司,济南250101

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第11期7040-7050,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：江苏省揭榜挂帅项目(JBGS[2021]030,JGBS[2021]111);江苏省现代农业(水禽)产业技术体系(JATS[2023]365);山东省重点研发计划(2022LZGC014);扬州市自然科学基金(YZ2023167)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在比较不同剩余采食量(RFI)肉鸭在生长性能、屠宰性能和内脏器官间的差异,以探究RFI对快大型肉鸭的影响。试验选用400只快大型肉鸭(公母各占1/2)作为试验候选群体,于个体笼中从15日龄饲喂至35日龄,计算RFI后分为低剩余采食量(LRFI)组和高剩余采食量(HRFI)组,每组各30只公鸭和30只母鸭。每只个体称量35日龄体重后测定屠宰性能,计算屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率、瘦肉率和腹脂率等指标;称量肝脏重和肌胃重并计算肝脏率和肌胃率,测定十二指肠、空肠、回肠长度并计算肠道总长度。结果表明:1)对于生长性能,公鸭和母鸭LRFI组平均日采食量和饲料转化率(FCR)均极显著低于HRFI组(P<0.01);母鸭15日龄体重、35日龄体重、代谢体重和平均日增重在HRFI组和LRFI组之间差异均不显著(P>0.05),而公鸭LRFI组上述指标显著或极显著高于HRFI组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。2)对于屠宰性能,公鸭LRFI组屠宰率和腹脂率均极显著低于HRFI组(P<0.01),胸肌率、腿肌率和瘦肉率均极显著高于HRFI组(P<0.01);母鸭LRFI组腹脂率极显著低于HRFI组(P<0.01),腿肌率和瘦肉率极显著高于HRFI组(P<0.01),而屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率和胸肌率与HRFI组相比差异均不显著(P>0.05)。3)对于内脏器官,公鸭和母鸭LRFI组肝脏率和肌胃率均极显著或显著高于HRFI组(P<0.05或P<0.01);母鸭所有肠段的长度及肠道总长度在HRFI组和LRFI间之间均无显著差异(P>0.05),公鸭LRFI组空肠长度和肠道总长度显著高于HRFI组(P<0.05)。综上所述,与HRFI快大型肉鸭相比,LRFI快大型肉鸭公鸭体重显著增加,而母鸭体重没有显著变化;LRFI快大型肉鸭公鸭和母鸭饲料效率均更高,腹脂沉积更少,同时屠宰性能和内脏器官部分指标甚至更优。这提示,对RFI的负向选择可以提高快大型肉鸭的饲料效率和屠宰性能,但需注意避免公鸭体重进展过快。The aim of this experiment was to compare the differences in growth performance,slaughter performance and internal organs of meat ducks with different residual feed intake(RFI)and to explore the effects of RFI on fast-growing meat ducks.The experiment involved 400 fast-growing meat ducks(half male and half female)as the candidate population,which were fed individually in cages from 15 to 35 days of age.After calculating the RFI,these birds were divided into low RFI(LRFI)and high RFI(HRFI)groups with 30 males and 30 females in each group.Each individual’s weight was measured at 35 days of age,followed by the determination of slaughter performance.Indices such as dressed percentage,percentage of half-eviscerated yield,percentage of eviscerated yield,percentage of breast muscle yield,percentage of leg muscle yield,percentage of lean meat yield and percentage of abdominal fat yield were calculated.The weight of the liver and gizzard was also measured to calculate the percentage of liver yield and percentage of gizzard yield,and the length of duodenum,jejunum and ileum was measured and the total intestine length was calculated.The results showed as follows:1)for growth performance,the average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio of both male and female ducks in LRFI group were extremely significantly lower than those in HRFI group(P<0.01);there were no significant differences in the body weight at 15 and 35 days of age,metabolic body weight and average daily gain of female ducks between HRFI and LRFI groups(P>0.05),while these indicators of male ducks in LRFI group were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those in HRFI group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).2)For slaughter performance,the dressed percentage and percentage of abdominal fat yield of male ducks in LRFI group were extremely significantly lower than those in HRFI group(P<0.01),and the percentage of breast muscle yield,percentage of leg muscle yield,percentage of lean meat yield were extremely significantly higher than those in HRFI group(P<0.01)

关 键 词：肉鸭 剩余采食量 生长性能 屠宰性能 内脏器官 

分 类 号：S834[农业科学—畜牧学]