纤维素分解菌与同质型乳酸菌联合接种对青贮玉米发酵品质、有氧稳定性、酶活性和瘤胃降解率的影响  

Effects of Co-Inoculation of Cellulose Decomposition Bacteria and Homogenous Lactic Acid Bacteria on Fermentation Quality,Aerobic Stability,Enzyme Activity and Ruminal Degradability of Silage Maize

作　　者：李双明 张力[2] 闫云峰[1,3] 王旭哲 张凡凡[1] 马春晖[1] LI Shuangming;ZHANG Li;YAN Yunfeng;WANG Xuzhe;ZHANG Fanfan;MA Chunhui(College of Animal Science and Technology,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,China;Crop Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy,Agricultural Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi 832000,China;Jinzhou Vocational and Technical Education Center,Jinzhou 052260,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学动物科技学院,石河子832000 [2]新疆农垦科学院作物研究所,石河子832000 [3]晋州市职业技术教育中心,晋州052260

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第11期7185-7195,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家牧草产业技术体系项目(CARS-34);国家自然科学基金项目(31460637);新疆生产建设兵团科技特派员创新创业计划项目(2022CB022)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探究纤维素分解菌(CDB)与同质型乳酸菌联合接种对青贮玉米发酵品质、有氧稳定性、酶活性和瘤胃降解率的影响。试验采用真空袋法调制全株青贮玉米,设计3个处理,CK处理仅添加去离子水;LP处理混合接种植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)和戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)(1∶1,质量比),接种量共计5×10^(5) CFU/g FM;TX处理在LP处理的基础上接种CDB,CDB中黑曲霉菌(Aspergillus niger)、绿色木霉菌(Trichoderma viride)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)比例为2∶1∶1(质量比),添加量为0.3%。对发酵结束后青贮玉米的营养品质、主要微生物数量、有氧稳定性、酶活性及瘤胃降解率进行分析。结果表明:1)TX处理的pH和乳酸(LA)、淀粉含量及霉菌数量显著高于CK和LP处理(P<0.05)。LP处理的乙酸(AA)含量显著低于CK和TX处理(P<0.05)。CK处理的干物质(DM)含量显著低于LP和TX处理(P<0.05)。TX处理的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量均显著低于CK和LP处理(P<0.05)。2)开袋5 d时,TX处理的pH、有害微生物(酵母菌、霉菌)数量显著高于LP和CK处理(P<0.05)。CK处理的二氧化碳(CO_(2))产气量显著高于LP和TX处理(P<0.05)。CK和LP处理的有氧稳定时间显著高于TX处理(P<0.05)。3)发酵10、35 d时,TX处理的半纤维素酶活性显著高于CK处理(P<0.05)。发酵60 d时,各处理淀粉酶活性按高低排序为LP处理>TX处理>CK处理(P<0.05)。4)降解72 h时,LP处理的酸性洗涤纤维降解率(ADFD)显著高于CK处理(P<0.05),CK处理的有机物降解率(OMD)显著高于LP和TX处理(P<0.05)。5)CK和TX处理的有机物快速降解部分、慢速降解部分和潜在降解部分均显著高于LP处理(P<0.05)。综上所述,CDB与同质型乳酸菌联合接种提高了青贮玉米的有机酸含量和营养品质,提高了发酵过程中半纤维素酶和淀粉酶活性以及有机物降解率。The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of co-inoculation of cellulose decomposition bacteria(CDB)and homogeneous lactic acid bacteria on fermentation quality,aerobic stability,enzyme activity and rumen degradability of silage maize.The whole silage maize was prepared by vacuum bag method,and design three experimental treatments,CK treatment was added only deionized water;LP treatment was mixed inoculate Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici(1∶1,mass ratio),with a total inoculation amount of 5×10^(5) CFU/g FM;TX treatment was inoculated CDB on the basis of LP treatment,the ratio of Aspergillus Niger,Trichoderma viride and Bacillus subtilis in CDB was 2∶1∶1(mass ratio),and the additive amount was 0.3%.At the end of fermentation,the nutritional quality,main microbial quantity,aerobic stability,enzyme activity and rumen degradability of silage maize were analyzed.The results showed as follows:1)the pH,lactic acid(LA)and starch contents and mold quantity of TX treatment were significantly higher than those of CK and LP treatments(P<0.05).The acetic acid(AA)content of LP treatment was significantly lower than that of CK and TX treatments(P<0.05).The dry matter(DM)content of CK treatment was significantly lower than that of LP and TX treatments(P<0.05).The neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acidic detergent fiber(ADF)contents of TX treatment were significantly lower than those of CK and LP treatment(P<0.05).2)On opened bag 5 days,the pH and harmful microbial(yeast and mold)quantity of TX treatment were significantly higher than those of LP and CK treatments(P<0.05).The carbon dioxide(CO_(2))gas production of CK treatment was significantly higher than that of LP and TX treatments(P<0.05).The aerobic stability of CK and LP treatments was significantly higher than that of TX treatment(P<0.05).3)On fermentation 10 and 35 days,the hemicellulase activity of TX treatment was significantly higher than that of CK treatment(P<0.05).On fermentation 60 days,the amylase activity of each treatme

关 键 词：青贮玉米 微生物 发酵品质 有氧稳定性 酶活性 瘤胃降解 

分 类 号：S816.6[农业科学—饲料科学]