芦竹叶替代苜蓿干草对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵特性和菌群结构的影响  

Effects of Giant Reed Leaves Replacing Alfalfa Hay on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Microbiota Structure of Dairy Cows in Vitro

作　　者：王振阳 胡杨恺 李泽伦 王嘉军 王豪杰 邓红雨[1] 范佳英[1] WANG Zhenyang;HU Yangkai;LI Zelun;WANG Jiajun;WANG Haojie;DENG Hongyu;FAN Jiaying(Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Ruminant Nutrition,Henan Key Laboratory of Unconventional Feed Resources Innovative Utilization,Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南牧业经济学院,河南省非常规饲料资源创新利用重点实验室,郑州市反刍动物营养重点实验室,郑州450046

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第11期7196-7211,共16页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：河南省重点研发与推广专项“芦竹饲料化关键技术开发与应用”(232102110097)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探究芦竹叶替代苜蓿干草对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵特性和菌群结构的影响。采用单因素试验设计,设5个组,分别用0(对照组)、25%、50%、75%和100%的芦竹叶替代苜蓿干草(干物质基础),各组分别进行3、6、9、12和24 h分批次体外发酵,每个时间点做3个重复,测定产气参数、养分降解率、发酵参数以及菌群结构等指标。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,体外发酵24 h时,75%组累积产气量、产气速率和产气迟滞时间以及干物质降解率和有机物降解率均无显著差异(P>0.05),理论最大产气量显著提高(P<0.05);75%组和100%组氨态氮(NH 3-N)含量显著提高(P<0.05),微生物蛋白(MCP)含量显著降低(P<0.05);75%组总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)、乙酸和丁酸含量显著提高(P<0.05),而丙酸含量和乙酸/丙酸值无显著差异(P>0.05);各组pH均在正常范围内。2)体外发酵24 h时,各组之间菌群多样性无显著差异(P>0.05)。在门水平上,75%组各菌门相对丰度与对照组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05);在属水平上,75%组各菌属相对丰度与对照组相比亦均无显著差异(P>0.05);通过线性判别分析效应大小(LEfSe)分析,共鉴定出19个差异物种,其中对照组、25%组、50%组、75%组和100%组分别有2、1、5、8和3个。综上所述,在本试验条件下,芦竹叶替代苜蓿干草可改善瘤胃体外发酵特性,提高部分降解纤维菌群丰度,建议替代比例为75%。The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of giant reed leaves replacing alfalfa hay on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbiota structure of dairy cows in vitro.A single-factor experimental design was used to set up 5 groups,and 0(control group),25%,50%,75% and 100% giant reed leaves were used to replace alfalfa hay(dry matter basis),respectively.Each group underwent in vitro fermentation in batches for 3,6,9,12 and 24 h,with 3 replicates at each time point.Gas production parameters,nutrient degradation rates,fermentation parameters and microbiota structure were measured.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,after 24 h in vitro fermentation,there were no significant differences in cumulative gas production,gas generation rate,gas production lag time,dry matter degradation rate and organic matter degradation rate in 75% group(P>0.05),while the theoretical maximum gas production was significantly increased(P<0.05);the ammonia nitrogen(NH 3-N)content in 75% and 100% groups was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the microbial protein(MCP)content was significantly decreased(P<0.05);the contents of total volatile fatty acid(TVFA),acetic acid and butyric acid in 75% group were significantly increased(P<0.05),but there were no significant differences in propionic acid content and acetic acid to propionic acid ratio(P>0.05).The pH in each group was within the normal range.2)After 24 h in vitro fermentation,there was no significant difference in microbial diversity among all groups(P>0.05).At the phylum level,there were no significant differences in the relative abundance of each phylum in 75% group compared with control group(P>0.05).At the genus level,there were also no significant differences in the relative abundance of each genus in 75% group compared with control group(P>0.05).A total of 19 differential species were identified by linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEfSe)analysis,of which 2,1,5,8 and 3 were in control group,25% group,50% group,75% group and 100% gr

关 键 词：芦竹叶 苜蓿干草 体外产气法 奶牛 瘤胃发酵特性 菌群结构 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]