发酵菜籽褐饼替代豆粕对鲤鱼生长性能、肉品质和肠道健康的影响  

Effects of Replacing Soybean Meal with Fermented Rapeseed Brown Cake on Growth Performance,Meat Quality and Intestinal Health of Common Carp(Cyprinus carpio)

作　　者：张遨然 郑云凡 尹望 蒲晓庆 赵敏 李勇 晏秋波 王红梅 ZHANG Aoran;ZHENG Yunfan;YIN Wang;PU Xiaoqing;ZHAO Min;LI Yong;YAN Qiubo;WANG Hongmei(Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality&Safety Control,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Quality Control for Feed and Products of Livestock and Poultry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,New Hope Liuhe Feed Research Institute,Chengdu 610023,China)

机构地区：[1]新希望六和股份有限公司,畜禽饲料与畜禽产品质量安全控制四川省重点实验室,农业农村部饲料及畜禽产品质量安全控制重点实验室,成都610023

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第11期7212-7226,共15页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助(2021YFD1301004);四川省科技计划项目资助(2021ZDZX0009)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探究饲料中添加不同比例发酵菜籽褐饼(FRBC)替代部分豆粕对鲤鱼生长性能、营养物质沉积率、全鱼和肌肉营养组成、血清生化指标以及肠道健康的影响。采用等氮(42%粗蛋白质)等脂(11%粗脂肪)的原则,以含25%豆粕的饲料为对照饲料,分别以FRBC替代8%、18%、27%和36%的豆粕,对应的饲料中FRBC的添加比例分别为0(FRBC0组,作为对照组)、3%(FRBC3组)、6%(FRBC6组)、9%(FRBC9组)、12%(FRBC12组)。选取初始平均体重为(99.97±1.33)g的鲤鱼幼鱼2450尾,随机分为5组(每组7个重复,每个重复70尾),饲喂以上5种试验饲料,饲喂8周。结果显示:1)FRBC添加比例≥9%时,鲤鱼的末均重、增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率均显著提高(P<0.05),饲料系数显著降低(P<0.05);各组间存活率、形体指数(包括肥满度、肝体比、脏体比)无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲料中添加不同比例FRBC对鲤鱼的全鱼营养组成(如粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分及氨基酸含量)均无显著影响(P>0.05),但可显著提高鲤鱼肌肉中钙含量(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲料中添加3%、9%和12%FRBC均显著提高了鲤鱼蛋白质、赖氨酸和苏氨酸沉积率(P<0.05),同时显著降低了脂肪沉积率(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,饲料中添加12%FRBC显著降低了血清中总胆固醇(TC)含量以及谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,肠道黏膜中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)在FRBC6组显著提高(P<0.05),但在FRBC添加比例>9%后出现显著降低(P<0.05)。6)FRBC12组肠道黏膜中胰蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。7)各组间肠道黏膜中闭锁小带蛋白-1(ZO-1)和闭合蛋白(Occludin)的mRNA相对表达量无显著差异(P>0.05),但FRBC9组封闭蛋白-1(Claudin-1)的mRNA相对表达量较对照组显著下调(P<0.05)。8)各组间肠道绒毛高度、肠壁厚度无显著差异(P>0.05),且肠道组织结构无明显差异。综合以上结果可知The purpose of this experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of adding different proportions of fermented rapeseed brown cake(FRBC)replacing part of soybean meal in diets on the growth performance,nutrient deposition rates,nutritional composition of whole fish and muscle,serum biochemical indices and intestinal health of common carp.The principle of isonitrogen(42%crude protein)and isolipid(11% crude fat)was adopted.Diet containing 25% soybean meal was used as a control diet,and 8%,18%,27% and 36% soybean meal were replaced with FRBC,respectively.The proportions of FRBC in the corresponding diets were 0(FRBC0 group,as control group),3%(FRBC3 group),6%(FRBC6 group),9%(FRBC9 group),12%(FRBC12 group),respectively.A total of 2450 juvenile common carp at average body weight of(99.97±1.33)g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 7 replicates per group and 70 fish per replicate,and fed with above 5 experimental diets for 8 weeks.The results showed as follows:1)the final body weight(FBW),weight gain rate(WGR),specific growth rate(SGR)and protein efficiency ratio(PER)were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the feed conversation ratio was significantly decreased(P<0.05)when the proportion of FRBC was higher than or equal to 9%.There were no significant differences in survival rate,body indexes including condition factor,hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index among all groups(P>0.05).2)Compared with the control group,adding different proportions of FRBC into diets had no significant effects on whole fish nutritional composition,such as crude protein,ether extract,crude ash and amino acids(P>0.05),but significantly increased the content of calcium in muscle(P<0.05).3)The deposition rates of protein,lysine and threonine were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the lipid deposition rate was significantly decreased in the FRBC3,FRBC9 and FRBC12 groups compared with the control group(P<0.05).4)Adding 12% FRBC into the diet significantly reduced the total cholesterol(TC)content and the activities of alanine a

关 键 词：发酵菜籽褐饼 鲤鱼 生长性能 营养物质利用 肠道健康 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]