饲料中添加高水平蚕豆对吉富罗非鱼生长性能、肌肉营养组成和土腥味物质的影响  

Effects of High Level of Faba Bean Supplementation on Growth Performance,Muscle Nutritional Composition and Fishy Smell Substances of Genetic Improvement of Farmed Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)

作　　者：杨经群 彭凯 梁前才 曹俊明 黄文[2] 胡俊茹 赵红霞 蔡佳 张淑芬[2] 陈冰 YANG Jingqun;PENG Kai;LIANG Qiancai;CAO Junming;HUANG Wen;HU Junru;ZHAO Hongxia;CAI Jia;ZHANG Shufen;CHEN Bing(College of Fisheries,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in South China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Fisheries Research Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Institute of Animal Science,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;Maoming Agricultural Science and Technology Extension Center,Maoming 525099,China;Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学水产学院,湛江524088 [2]广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所,广东省农业科学院水产研究中心,农业农村部华南动物营养与饲料重点实验室,广州510640 [3]茂名市农业科技推广中心,茂名525099 [4]广东省农业科学院,广州510640

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第11期7236-7249,共14页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：中央财政农业发展(优势特色产业集群)资金“脆肉罗非鱼专用饲料的研制及试验”(2022横001);茂名市科技计划项目(2022DZXHT066)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探讨在吉富罗非鱼饲料中添加高水平蚕豆对其生长性能、肌肉营养组成和土腥味物质的影响。选取吉富罗非鱼50尾,初始体质量(402.32±8.59)g,随机分成2个组,每组5个重复,5尾鱼为1个重复。2组试验鱼在49 d的饲养期中分别投喂未添加蚕豆的普通配合饲料(对照组,记为G0组)和添加70%蚕豆的配合饲料(试验组,记为G70组),2种试验饲料等氮等脂。结果显示:1)饲料中添加70%蚕豆对罗非鱼的增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数和肝体比均无显著影响(P>0.05),但显著降低了肠体比和脏体比(P<0.05)。2)饲料中添加70%蚕豆对罗非鱼肌肉粗蛋白质、水分、钙、磷含量无显著影响(P>0.05),但显著降低了肌肉粗脂肪、粗灰分含量(P<0.05)。3)饲料中添加70%蚕豆对罗非鱼肌肉中必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸和氨基酸总量无显著影响(P>0.05)。4)肌肉脂肪酸组成中,G70组C8∶0、C11∶0、C12∶0、C13∶0、C15∶0、C16∶0、C17∶0、C20∶0、C21∶0、C22∶0、C23∶0、C24∶0、C15∶1 t、C16∶1 t、C18∶1n-7 t、C18∶1n-9 t、C18∶1n-12 t、C18∶1n-9 c、C18∶1n-7、C20∶1 t、C20∶1、C22∶1n-9 t、C24∶1、C20∶2、C20∶3 n-6、C22∶2、C22∶4、C22∶5n-3、C22∶6n-3含量均较C0组显著降低(P<0.05),同时饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸和n-3系多不饱和脂肪酸总量均显著低于G0组(P<0.05)。5)与G0组相比,G70组肌肉中土腥味物质土臭素(GSM)含量显著降低。综上可知,在本试验条件下,饲料中添加70%的蚕豆能显著降低吉富罗非鱼的肠体比和脏体比,还能显著降低肌肉中粗灰分、粗脂肪及土腥味物质GSM的含量,对肌肉中必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸及鲜味氨基酸总量无显著影响;饲料中添加70%蚕豆影响吉富罗非鱼肌肉脂肪酸组成,会显著降低饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、n-3系多不饱和脂肪酸总量和n-3/n-6比This study was conducted to investigate the effects of high level of faba bean supplementation on the growth performance,muscle nutritional composition and fishy smell substances of genetic improvement of farmed tilapia(GIFT,Oreochromis niloticus).A total of 50 GIFT with initial body weight of(402.32±8.59)g were randomly divided into 2 groups with 5 replicates per group and 5 fish per replicate.Two isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets supplemented with 0(control group,denoted as G0 group)and 70%(test group,denoted as G70 group)faba bean were fed to fish during the 49-d feeding trial.The results showed as follows:1)diet supplemented with 70% faba bean had no significant effects on the weight gain rate,specific growth rate,feed coefficient and hepatosomatic index of tilapia(P>0.05),but significantly decreased the intestinesomatic index and viscerosomatic index(P<0.05).2)Diet supplemented with 70%faba bean had no significant effects on the crude protein,moisture,calcium and phosphorus contents in muscle of tilapia(P>0.05),but significantly decreased the muscle crude lipid and crude ash contents(P<0.05).3)Diet supplemented with 70% faba bean had no significant effects on the contents of essential amino acids,non-essential amino acids,umami amino acids and total amino acids in muscle of tilapia(P>0.05).4)In the fatty acid composition of muscle,compared with the G0 group,the contents of C8∶0,C11∶0,C12∶0,C13∶0,C15∶0,C16∶0,C17∶0,C20∶0,C21∶0,C22∶0,C23∶0,C24∶0,C15∶1 t,C16∶1 t,C18∶1n-7 t,C18∶1n-9 t,C18∶1n-12 t,C18∶1n-9 c,C18∶1n-7,C20∶1 t,C20∶1,C22∶1n-9 t,C24∶1,C20∶2,C20∶3n-6,C22∶2,C22∶4,C22∶5n-3 and C22∶6n-3 in G70 group all decreased significantly(P<0.05),and the G70 group had significantly lower contents of saturated fatty acids,monounsaturated fatty acids,polyunsaturated fatty acids,and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids than those of the G0 group(P<0.05).5)Compared with the G0 group,the content of fishy smell substance geosmin(GSM)in muscle was significantly decreas

关 键 词：吉富罗非鱼 生长性能 肌肉营养组成 土腥味物质 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]