萎蔫和添加剂处理对燕麦青贮品质和蛋白质组分的影响  

Effects of Wilting and Additive Treatment on Quality and Protein Fractions of Avena sativa Silage

作　　者：贾婷婷[1] 徐梓萌 王铁梅[1] JIA Tingting;XU Zimeng;WANG Tiemei(School of Grassland Science,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学草业与草原学院,北京100083

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第11期7371-7382,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(BLX202267);内蒙古自治区种业科技创新重大示范工程“揭榜挂帅”项目(2022JBGS0020);草种业核心技术攻关项目(SJCZFY2022-5);国家重点研发计划“政府间国际科技创新合作”重点专项(2022YFE0111000)。

摘　　要：本试验以燕麦为原料,探究萎蔫及添加剂(柠檬酸、L-苹果酸和植物乳杆菌)处理对其青贮品质和蛋白质组分的影响。分别将蒸馏水(Con)、植物乳杆菌(LP)、柠檬酸(CA)、L-苹果酸(MA)、植物乳杆菌和柠檬酸混合物(LP+CA)以及植物乳杆菌和L-苹果酸混合物(LP+MA)添加至未萎蔫和萎蔫燕麦原料中青贮45 d。结果表明:所有添加剂都显著降低了燕麦青贮的pH(P<0.05),CA和MA显著降低乳酸含量(P<0.05),CA和LP+MA显著降低燕麦青贮的pH、氨态氮和胺氮含量(P<0.05)。所有处理中以CA和MA的可溶性碳水化合物含量较高。添加剂对中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、半纤维素和粗蛋白质含量没有显著的影响(P>0.05)。燕麦青贮中的生物胺以腐胺、尸胺和酪胺为主,约占所测生物胺总量的90%,添加剂处理的苯乙胺、腐胺、尸胺、组胺、酪胺和总生物胺含量显著低于Con(P<0.05)。LP+CA和LP+MA的腐胺、尸胺、酪胺和总生物胺含量下降最为明显。与未萎蔫燕麦青贮相比,萎蔫燕麦青贮的游离氨基酸含量显著减少(P<0.05),而氨态氮含量显著增加(P<0.05)。综上所述,LP+CA和LP+MA可以改善燕麦青贮的发酵品质,有效抑制蛋白质降解,对于提高燕麦青贮品质和安全性具有重要作用。This study aimed to explore the effects of wilting and additives(citric acid,L-malic acid and Lactobacillus plantarum)on the quality and protein fractions of Avena sativa silage.Distilled water(Con),Lactobacillus plantarum(LP),citric acid(CA),L-malic acid(MA),Lactobacillus plantarum and citric acid mixture(LP+CA),and Lactobacillus plantarum and malic acid mixture(LP+MA)were added to unwilted and wilted Avena sativa raw materials and fermented for 45 days.The results showed that all the additives significantly decreased the pH of Avena sativa silage(P<0.05).The addition of CA and MA alone significantly decreased the lactic acid contents(P<0.05).The compound additive composed of CA,MA and LP significantly decreased the pH,ammonia nitrogen and amine nitrogen contents of Avena sativa silage(P<0.05).Among all treatments,water soluble carbohydrate content in the CA and MA was higher than other treatments.The additives had no significant effects on neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber,hemicellulose and crude protein contents of Avena sativa silage(P>0.05).The biogenic amines in Avena sativa silage were mainly putrescine,cadaverine and tyramine,accounting for about 90% of the total biogenic amines measured.The contents of phenethylamine,putrescine,cadaverine,histamine,tyramine and total biogenic amines in the additive treatment group were significantly lower than that in the Con(P<0.05).The contents of putrescine,cadaverine,tyramine and total biogenic amines decreased significantly in the LP+CA and LP+MA.Compared with unwilted oat silage,the free amino acid nitrogen content of wilted oat silage was significantly decreased(P<0.05),but the ammonia nitrogen content was significantly increased(P<0.05).Therefore,LP+CA and LP+MA can improve the fermentation quality of Avena sativa silage,effectively inhibit protein degradation,and play an important role in improving the quality and safety of Avena sativa silage.

关 键 词：添加剂 燕麦青贮 青贮品质 蛋白质组分 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]