诗艺与诗道的会通——宋代“淡”论评议  

The Meeting of Poetic Art and Poetry Dao--Commentary On the Song Dynasty's"Blandness"Theory

作　　者：林千越 罗剑波[1] Lin Qianyue;Luo Jianbo

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中文系

出　　处：《理论界》2024年第11期80-86,共7页Theory Horizon

摘　　要：“淡”原本是先秦时期论“道”的概念,经由汉魏六朝时人物品评之风的推动,逐渐发展为谈“艺”的范畴。宋人为了实现诗歌创作对艺术技巧的超越,融唐代司空图提出的“韵外之致”于“平淡”诗境的理论建构之中,克服了东晋“平淡之体”“理过其辞”的缺陷,将寡味之“淡”发展为有味之“淡”。宋代“淡”论不仅是围绕艺术手法的讨论,还包含了以清虚淡静之精神状态,容纳万物万境之相融相济的精神追求。诗艺与诗道之会通,使宋代“淡”论被赋予了日用之间从容适意的审美意蕴。“淡”在宋代诗学中确立的作为审美风格的典范意义,不仅对后世诗歌创作产生深刻影响,在书画、音乐等艺术领域也得到接受和认同,其内涵伴随着文艺理论的更新不断延伸与发展。"Blandness"from the pre-Qin concept of"Dao",through the Han,Wei and Six Dynasties characters to promote the style of evaluation,gradually developed into the category of talking about"art",and ultimately in Song Dynasty Poetry to realized the concept of"Dao"and"art",which was further developed through character appraisal.In order to transcend artistic skills in poetic creation,the Song people promoted a"plain"style of poetry without excessive embellishments.They overcame the defects of the Eastern Jin Dynasty's"bland style"of"reasoning over words by incorporating Sikong Tu's idea of"rhyme beyond rhyme"from Tang Dynasty into their theoretical framework for achieving a tasteless yet profound poetic realm.In Song Dynasty,"blandness"was emphasized,with the intention of bringing"harmony".Its purpose was to get rid of human desires through lightness and purity while accommodating all things and situations with a state of emptiness and tranquility,thus attaining spiritual settlement and freedom in creative space.The communication between the artistic skill of poetry and the theory of thought made the theory of"lightness"in Song Dynasty be endowed with the aesthetic meaning of easy and suitable between daily use.The significance of this model aesthetic style established in Song poetry not only had a profound impact on later poetic creations but also gained acceptance and recognition across various art forms such as painting,calligraphy,music,etc.,continuously expanding its connotations along with evolving literary and artistic theories.

关 键 词：诗艺之“淡” 以“淡”致“和” 审美意蕴 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学]