有机废弃物厌氧发酵产酸研究进展  

Review of Acids Production by Anaerobic Fermentation of Organic Waste

作　　者：熊邦杰 郝晓霞[1] 赵梁斌 白林[1] XIONG Bangjie;HAO Xiaoxia;ZHAO Liangbin;BAI Lin(College of Animal Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物科技学院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2024年第12期1-8,共8页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：四川省科技计划资助(2021ZDZX0012);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川生猪创新团队项目(sccxtd-2024-08-06)

摘　　要：畜牧业的快速集约化发展使畜禽有机废弃物排放量日益增加,传统厌氧发酵产甲烷难以实现循环经济,且具有造成温室效应的风险。因此,开展畜禽有机废弃物厌氧发酵产酸技术的研究,对实现畜牧业循环经济具有重要意义。本文对厌氧发酵过程中短链脂肪酸的生成机制和影响短链脂肪酸产量的因素进行了简要介绍,并对提高短链脂肪酸产量的原理和方法进行了综述:通过增强水解阶段和抑制产甲烷阶段,促进短链脂肪酸的快速生成,减少短链脂肪酸的消耗。对发酵基质进行预处理和使用添加剂是目前研究中常见的提高短链脂肪酸产量的方法,热处理、超声波处理、冻融、酸碱处理、酶处理等方法均能够提高短链脂肪酸的产量,2-溴乙烷磺酸钠、生物炭和一些广谱抗生素也被用于提高短链脂肪酸的产量。本文能为后续从事此方面研究的同行提供参考或指出新的研究方向。The rapid development of intensive animal husbandry has contributed to an increasing amount of organic waste from livestock and poultry.The traditional anaerobic fermentation process for producing methane is challenging to integrate into a circular economy and carries the risk of contributing to the greenhouse effect.Research on anaerobic fermentation technology for the production of acid from organic waste from livestock and poultry is of great significance for achieving a circular economy in animal husbandry.This article briefly introduces the mechanism of short-chain fatty acid production during anaerobic fermentation and the factors that affect the yield of short-chain fatty acids,and summarizes the principles and methods for increasing the yield of short-chain fatty acids,namely,the principle is to enhance the hydrolysis stage and inhibit the methane production stage,promote the rapid production of short-chain fatty acids,and reduce the consumption of short-chain fatty acids.Pretreatment of fermentation substrates and use of additives are common methods for increasing the yield of short-chain fatty acids in current research.Heat treatment,ultrasonic treatment,freeze-thawing,acid-base treatment,enzyme treatment,etc.can all increase the yield of short-chain fatty acids.Sodium 2-bromoethanesulfonate,biochar,and some broad-spectrum antibiotics are also used to increase the yield of short-chain fatty acids.This article will provide a reference to or point out new research directions for colleagues engaged in this field in the future.

关 键 词：有机废弃物 厌氧发酵 短链脂肪酸 循环经济 

分 类 号：S811.5[农业科学—畜牧学] S216[农业科学—畜牧兽医]