不同产犊季节、胎次及其互作对荷斯坦牛泌乳性能的影响研究  

Effects Of Calving Season,Parity and Their interaction on Lactation Performance of Holstein Cattle

作　　者：杜冰沁 虎红红 蔡蓓 马燕芬 韩丽云 张立强 马云 DU Bingqin;HU Honghong;CAI Bei;MA Yanfen;HAN Liyun;ZHANG Liqiang;MA Yun(Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding/College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021;Ningxia Nongkeng Dairy Co.Ltd.Yinchuan,Ningxia 750004,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室/宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏农垦乳业有限公司,宁夏银川750004

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2024年第12期30-36,共7页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-36);宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2021BEF01001,2022BBF02017);高产奶牛核心育种群自主培育与示范应用(YDZX2022153);银川市科技人才专项(2024KJRC008);银川市科技创新团队项目(2023CXTD32)。

摘　　要：为了明确不同产犊季节、胎次和产犊季节与胎次互作对荷斯坦牛泌乳性能的影响,为规模化奶牛场管理提供理论依据,本研究采集了宁夏地区4个规模化奶牛场2019~2021年的276603条DHI记录,利用Wood模型拟合不同产犊季节(春季:3~5月份、夏季:6~8月份、秋季:9~11月份、冬季:12~2月份)、胎次(1、2、3、4、5~7胎)及产犊季节与胎次互作的泌乳曲线。结果表明,荷斯坦牛不同胎次的群体泌乳曲线拟合度(R2)变化范围为0.9326~0.9774,不同产犊季节R2变化范围为0.9571~0.9714,不同产犊季节和胎次互作R2变化范围为0.7777~0.9917。群体泌乳曲线参数极显著受胎次、产犊季节及二者互作的影响(P<0.01)。经产牛在产后3月达到泌乳高峰,时间略早于初产牛,且各胎次达到泌乳高峰期的时间相近,在第4胎时产奶量最高。本研究揭示了荷斯坦牛在不同产犊季节、胎次中的泌乳规律,可为规模化奶牛场的管理提供理论依据。In order to clarify the effects of different calving seasons,litters and the interactions between calving seasons and litters on lactation performance of Holstein cows,and to provide a theoretical basis for the management of large-scale dairy farms,a total of 276603 DHI data were collected from four dairy farms in Ningxia from 2019 to 2021,and Wood model was used to fit the lactation curve for different calving seasons(Spring:March to May,Summer:June to August,Autumn:September to November,Winter:December to February),parity(1,2,3,4,5 to 7)and their interaction.The results showed that the fitness degree(R 2)of group lactation curves of Wood model ranged from 0.9326 to 0.9774 in different parities,from 0.9571 to 0.9714 in different calving seasons,and from 0.7777 to 0.9917 in different calving seasons and parity interactions.The parameters of Holstein population lactation curve were extremely affected by parities,calving seasons and the interaction between parity and calving season(P<0.01).The parturient cows reached the peak lactation in 3 months after delivery,which was slightly earlier than that of the primiparous cows,and the peak lactation time was similar in different parities,and the milk yield reached the highest at the 4th parity.This study revealed the lactation rules of Holstein cattle in different calving seasons and parity,which could provide a theoretical basis for the management of large-scale dairy farms.

关 键 词：荷斯坦牛 泌乳曲线 产犊季节 胎次 泌乳性能 

分 类 号：S823.91[农业科学—畜牧学]