冬季犊牛舍空气源热泵供暖及机械通风应用研究  

Application of Air Source Heat Pump System for Heating and Mechanical Ventilation in Calf Sheds in Winter

作　　者：贺腾飞 许金奎 李建功 孙芳[3] 郝薇 王汐琳 陈昭辉 HE Tengfei;XU Jinkui;LI Jiangong;SUN Fang;HAO Wei;WANG Xilin;CHEN Zhaohui(State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agriculture University,Beijing 100193;Heilongjiang Beidahuang Animal Husbandry Group Co.,Ltd.,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150090;Institute of Animal Husbandry,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科学技术学院,畜禽营养与饲养全国重点实验室,北京100193 [2]黑龙江北大荒牧业集团有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150090 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院畜牧研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2024年第12期64-72,共9页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1300804);财政部和农业农村部国家产业技术体系(CARS-37);中国农业大学2115人才工程。

摘　　要：为探究冬季空气源热泵(Air Source Heat Pump,ASHP)供暖及机械通风在犊牛舍的应用效果,本试验比较了河北地区使用ASHP的试验舍和无供暖设备的对照犊牛舍在不同通风频率下的舍内外环境温湿度、空气质量、犊牛健康评分和生长性能的差异。结果显示,ASHP的能效比为3.70。与对照舍相比,当风机频率为20、15或10 Hz时,试验舍日平均温度、日平均氨气和二氧化碳浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验舍犊牛直肠温度、粪便和总健康评分分别为0.44±0.15、0.17±0.12和1.11±0.20,显著优于对照舍的1.00±0.21、0.80±0.20和3.11±0.70(P<0.05)。试验舍犊牛平均日增重为0.80±0.03 kg/d,有高于对照舍0.72±0.04 kg/d的趋势(P=0.09)。研究表明冬季犊牛舍使用ASHP供暖可提高犊牛的健康水平和生长性能,在风机频率低于25 Hz时具有更好的保温效果。To investigate the application effect of air source heat pump(ASHP)heating system and mechanical ventilation in calf sheds during winter,the experiment selected a shed with ASHP as the experimental shed and a shed without any heating system as the control in Hebei province,and the differences in indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity,air quality,health score and growth performance of calves under different ventilation frequencies were compared.The results showed that the energy efficiency ratio of ASHP was 3.70.Compared to the control group,the experimental group showed significantly higher daily average temperature,ammonia,and carbon dioxide concentrations when the fan frequency was set at 20,15,or 10 Hz(P<0.05).The rectal temperature,feces,and overall health score of calves in the experimental sheds were 0.44±0.15,0.17±0.12,and 1.11±0.20,respectively,which were significantly better than those in the control sheds,which were 1.00±0.21,0.80±0.20,and 3.11±0.70,respectively(P<0.05).The average daily weight gain of calves in the experimental sheds was 0.80±0.03 kg/d,showing a significant trend of being higher than that in the control sheds which was 0.72±0.04 kg/d(P=0.09).The study suggests that using ASHP for heating in calf sheds in winter can enhance calf's health and growth performance,with better insulation effects observed when the fan frequency is below 25 Hz.

关 键 词：空气源热泵 环境 犊牛 生长性能 

分 类 号：S823.46[农业科学—畜牧学]