蚕丝纤维气凝胶制备与吸油性能研究  

Research on the preparation and oil absorption of silk fiber aerogels

作　　者：陈怡彤 闫俊 郭美凤 秦伟 黄佳玲 王霁龙 张慧敏 CHEN Yitong;YAN Jun;GUO Meifeng;QIN Wei;HUANG Jialing;WANG Jilong;ZHANG Huimin(School of Textile and Material Engineering,Dalian Polytechnic University,Dalian 116034,China;Key Laboratory ofClean Dyeing and Finishing Technology of Zhejiang Province,Shaoxing University,Shaoxing 312000,China)

机构地区：[1]大连工业大学纺织与材料工程学院,大连116034 [2]绍兴文理学院浙江省清洁染整技术研究重点实验室,浙江绍兴312000

出　　处：《丝绸》2024年第12期61-69,共9页Journal of Silk

基　　金：大连市青年科技之星项目(2023RQ055);浙江省清洁染整技术研究重点实验室开放基金项目(QJRZ2304);辽宁省教育厅高校基本科研项目(JYTMS20230439);辽宁省属本科高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(LJBKY2024019)。

摘　　要：海上漏油事故和含油污水排放所引起的水体污染对生态环境和周围经济均造成灾难性破坏,如何高效去除油污成为亟须解决的难题。气凝胶材料因其轻质、超高孔隙率、可快速且高效地进行油水分离等特性,在油液清除领域受到广泛关注。但目前研发出的大部分气凝胶材料仍存在制备工艺复杂、结构稳定性差和难以重复利用等缺点,限制其在吸油领域的应用。本文提出以工厂废弃的蚕丝纤维为原料,以芳纶纤维为增强材料,制备了天然蚕丝纤维基气凝胶,并利用乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTMO)对所制备的气凝胶进行疏水化改性。研究发现,所制备气凝胶具有良好的成型性和优异的疏水性(接触角154°),吸附倍率高达164 g/g,可通过外力挤压进行油液回收和材料的循环使用。本文通过回收利用废弃资源,利用简单环保的工艺制备出具有优异吸附性能的气凝胶材料,具有较广阔的应用前景。Aerogels,recognized as the lightest solid material in the world,possess outstanding characteristics such as low mass,low density,high specific surface area,high porosity,high adsorption capacity,and low thermal conductivity.They are widely used in various fields including petrochemicals,insulation,construction materials,outdoor apparel,aerospace,military applications,and oil spill adsorption.In recent years,aerogels have increasingly been utilized as oil absorbents in the field of liquid oil adsorption.Typically,aerogels are synthesized from organic,inorganic,or hybrid molecular precursors through sol-gel processes and specific drying techniques.However,the preparation of most aerogels is often hindered by high raw material costs,complex processing procedures,and poor mechanical properties.Therefore,developing aerogels which are cost-effective,easy to process,exhibit good mechanical properties and have high adsorption efficiency has become a research trend.With the rapid advancement of industrialization,the demand for petroleum has surged across various industries,leading to an increase in oil spill incidents during extraction and transportation.Oil spills can cause irreversible damage to natural ecosystems,severely polluting marine environments,impacting human health,and devastating the habitats of marine animals.This can result in significant marine biodiversity loss.The leakage of crude oil leads to extensive contamination in affected areas,disrupting maritime transportation and causing substantial economic repercussions.In addition to oil spill accidents,improper handling of industrial oily wastewater and organic solvents poses a serious threat to environmental safety and human health.Microfibrillated silk fibers and microfibrillated aramid fibers were added to deionized water and stirred at room temperature to obtain a uniform suspension.Acetic acid was then introduced to adjust the pH(3-4)of the suspension,followed by the addition of a silane coupling agent(VTMO)while stirring at 700 r/min for 3 h.The suspe

关 键 词：蚕丝纤维 芳纶纤维 疏水改性 气凝胶 吸油材料 循环使用 

分 类 号：TS102.33[轻工技术与工程—纺织工程]