明清龙毯装饰艺术研究  

A study on the decorative art of dragon-patterned carpets in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：张顺爱 张羽健 ZHANG Shun’ai;ZHANG Yujian(College of Fashion and Design,Donghua University,Shanghai 200051,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学服装与艺术设计学院,上海200051

出　　处：《丝绸》2024年第12期150-158,共9页Journal of Silk

基　　金：东华大学研究生课程建设项目(107-06-0008052)。

摘　　要：栽绒毯是中国具有悠久历史的织物,明清时期龙毯在空间装饰中广泛使用,是不同场域文化的重要物质体现。本文以明清时期龙纹栽绒毯为研究对象,以实物为主要参照,采用“实物”“文献”“图像”结合的三重证据法,对龙毯的装饰场合进行考证,并以此作为分类标准将龙毯分为三类;其次利用纺织学的方法对明清龙毯组织进行分析,提出明清龙毯的工艺区别及传承关系;最后在场域场合的视角下对159份实物的纹样造型及布局进行分析,得出龙毯装饰艺术在三种场域中的不同特点及背后的文化成因。The knotted carpet is a woolen fabric with a long history in China.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,dragon carpets were extensively used in spatial decoration,serving as significant material embodiments of various cultural contexts.This paper focuses on dragon-patterned knotted carpets from these periods.By collecting both domestic and international samples and employing a tripartite evidence method combining“objects”,“literature”,and“images”,the article analyzes 159 samples from a contextual perspective.The study categorizes dragon carpets based on their decorative use into three types:“palaces”,“temples”and“residences”,and examines the forms and functions of these carpets in different settings.The research reveals that palace carpets can be divided into three types,used as hall carpets and throne carpets;temple carpets can be divided into four types,primarily used as decorative covers for Dharma-seats,walls,and columns;and residence carpets are all square in varying sizes,used as floor rugs,kang blankets,or seat cushions.Additionally,by employing textile methods,the article examines the structures of carpets provided by collectors to elucidate the distinctions and lineage connections in the craftsmanship of Ming and Qing dragon carpets.The carpets in the available samples are categorized into two types based on variances in“warp and weft”materials,“knot”materials,and density.Discrepancies in weaving techniques lead to variations in the structure;it was discovered that the craftsmanship of palace carpets originated in the Ming Dynasty and persisted in Qing Dynasty palace adornments,whereas the other two types signified Ningxia craftsmanship from the Qing Dynasty.Pattern analysis using design methods is central to this study.The paper deconstructs the decorative patterns of dragon carpets into“internal patterns”and“border patterns”,discussing the themes,shapes,and layout characteristics of these components.Finally,based on the historical context of the Ming and Qing Dynas

关 键 词：栽绒毯 龙纹 装饰场合 毯组织 编织工艺 文化象征 

分 类 号：TS941.12[轻工技术与工程—服装设计与工程] J523.3[艺术—艺术设计]