无预期下落跳时前交叉韧带损伤危险因素的生物力学研究  

Biomechanical Study of Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury During Unanticipated Drop Jumps

作　　者：陈一言 程鹏 张思宇 王岑依 陆阿明[3] CHEN Yiyan;CHENG Peng;ZHANG Siyu;WANG Cenyi;LU Aming(Department of Physical Education,Suzhou Vocational University,Suzhou Jiangsu,215100;Department of Basic Teaching,Suzhou City University,Suzhou Jiangsu,215100;School of Physical Education,Soochow University,Suzhou Jiangsu,215100)

机构地区：[1]苏州市职业大学体育部,江苏苏州215000 [2]苏州城市学院基础教学部,江苏苏州215000 [3]苏州大学体育学院,江苏苏州215000

出　　处：《湖北体育科技》2024年第6期1-5,共5页Hubei Sports Science

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金面上资助(2023M742546)。

摘　　要：目的比较不同性别人群在下落跳时,预期对其落地时前交叉韧带损伤风险的影响。方法使用光学动作捕捉系统、测力台、无线表面肌电对20名运动爱好者(男女各10)在有、无预期时进行40 cm下落跳生物力学测试,结果行二因素方差分析。结果1)无预期水平向后地面反作用力首峰与首峰时刻膝外翻角显著大于有预期,膝屈角显著小于有预期(p<0.05);2)预期时水平向后地面反作用力首峰时刻的膝受内收力矩作用,无预期时相反;3)女性垂直地面反作用力峰值与膝伸力矩显著大于男性(p<0.05);4)无预期肌电共激活在女性中显著大于有预期,女性无预期时显著大于男性(p<0.05)。结论1)无预期时前交叉韧带损伤风险通过力矩改变、地面反作用力加大、膝外翻角增加、膝屈曲角减小得到增大;2)女性落地早期缓冲能力不足,且无预期时女性下肢肌肉激活均衡性减弱,损伤风险增大。Objective From a biomechanical point of view,the effect of the presence or absence of anticipation during a drop jump on the risk of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries during their landing was compared between different sexes.Methods The biomechanics of the drop jump was tested in 20 subjects(10 males and 10 females)with and without anticipation using an optical motion capture system,a force platform,and wireless surface electromyography,and the results were analysed by a two-way(gender×anticipation)analysis of variance(ANOVA).Results 1)Under the anticipated conditions,knee joint at the time of first peak of parallel backward ground reaction force(PBGRF)was subjected to varus moment while was subjected to valgus moment in unanticipated condition.2)The first peak of PBGRF and the knee valgus angle at that time during unanticipated landing was significantly larger than anticipated landing,and the knee flexion angle was significantly smaller than anticipated landing(p<0.05).3)The peak vertical ground reaction force(VGRF)and knee extension moment at the first peak of PBGRF of females were significantly larger than those of males(p<0.05).4)Among females,the co-activation rate of quadriceps/hamstring during unanticipated condition were significantly greater than anticipated landing(p<0.05),and under unanticipated landing,the co-activation rate of quadriceps/hamstring of females was significantly higher than that of males.Conclusion 1)The risk of ACL injury in the no-anticipation condition was increased in both sexes by changes in moments,increased ground reaction forces,increased knee valgus angle,and decreased knee flexion angle.2)The risk of injury was increased in females by the lack of braking and cushioning in the early stages of the landing,as well as by the weakening of muscle activation equilibrium in the female lower limb in the no-anticipation condition.

关 键 词：预期 前交叉韧带 生物力学 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]